여운상

2022~2023년 낙동강하구 생태계 변화를 살핀 제20차 중점조사임.

철새 중심의 장기 관찰을 통해 과학적 보전관리 기초자료를 확보하고자 함.

낙동강 본류·서낙동강·사주·간석지와 주변 복원지역을 대상으로 함.

인구·토지이용·농업·수산업 등 사회환경 변화를 분석함.

지형·기상·수질·수저퇴적물 등 무기환경을 조사함.

수질과 저질은 주요 14개 지점에서 연 4회 조사함.

조류군집과 번식조류·철새인공서식지 및 연차별 변화를 검토함.

가을철 조류는 29,941개체로 이전 19년 평균보다 약 28% 감소함.

겨울철 개체수는 큰 차이가 없어 도래시기 지연 가능성을 제시함.

쇠제비갈매기는 117개체로 감소 후 회복되지 않는 양상임.

민물가마우지는 6,049개체로 장기 평균보다 크게 늘어남.

번식지 침수 원인 규명과 개체수 변화의 지속 관찰 및 대책 마련이 필요함.

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❚ 목차

 제1장 연구의 개요

제1절 배경 및 목적 ····················································································································· 3

제2절 연구 방법 ·························································································································· 5

1. 연구 대상지 ·················································································································· 5

2. 연구 기간 ······················································································································ 6

3. 연구 내용 ······················································································································ 6

제2장 낙동강하구의 일반현황

제1절 낙동강하구의 보전 및 보호구역 지정 현황 ·································································· 11

제2절 보전 및 보호구역의 변화 ······························································································· 13

1. 문화재구역(천연기념물) ··························································································· 13

2. 자연환경보전지역 ······································································································ 14

3. 습지보호지역 ············································································································· 14

4. 특별관리해역 ············································································································· 15

제3절 낙동강하구 지역의 개발사업 현황 ················································································ 16

1. 최근 완료사업(2000년 이후) ···················································································· 16

2. 진행 중인 사업 ··········································································································· 19

3. 구상사업 ····················································································································· 21

4. 주요 개발사업 ············································································································ 24

5. 복원사업 ····················································································································· 28

제3장 사회환경

제1절 인구변화 ························································································································· 35

제2절 토지이용 ························································································································· 36

1. 지목별 토지이용 변화 ······························································································· 36

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2. 용도지역별 토지이용 변화 ························································································ 39

제3절 농업현황 ························································································································· 41

제4절 수산업 현황 ···················································································································· 43

제5절 최근 낙동강 하구지역의 변화 ······················································································· 46

1. 명지 ․ 신호 주변지역 ································································································· 46

2. 강동 ․ 가락 주변지역 ································································································· 47

3. 대저 ․ 화명 주변지역 ································································································· 48

4. 맥도 ․ 삼락 주변지역 ································································································· 49

5. 을숙도 주변지역 ········································································································ 50

제4장 무기환경

제1절 지형 ································································································································· 53

1. 조선시대 ····················································································································· 53

2. 하굿둑 조성 이전 ······································································································· 54

3. 하굿둑 조성 이후 ······································································································· 57

4. 최근의 지형변화 ········································································································ 63

제2절 기상 ································································································································· 64

1. 기온 및 강수량 ··········································································································· 64

2. 홍수 현황 ··················································································································· 66

제3절 수질 ································································································································· 68

1. 조사 시기 ··················································································································· 68

2. 조사정점 ····················································································································· 68

3. 조사항목 ····················································································································· 69

4. 조사방법 ····················································································································· 69

5. 조사결과 ····················································································································· 69

6. 생태기반 해수수질기준 평가 ···················································································· 83

7. 연차별 조사결과 ········································································································ 84

제4절 수저퇴적물 ······················································································································ 89

1. 조사 시기 ··················································································································· 89

2. 조사정점 ····················································································································· 89

3. 조사항목 ····················································································································· 90

4. 조사방법 ····················································································································· 90

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5. 조사결과 ····················································································································· 90

6. 해저퇴적물 환경기준 평가 ····················································································· 103

7. 연차별 조사결과 ······································································································ 104

제5장 생물환경

제1절 조류 ······························································································································· 111

1. 조사개요 ··················································································································· 111

2. 조류군집조사 ··········································································································· 120

3. 분류군별 현황 ·········································································································· 210

4. 번식조류 ··················································································································· 214

5. 철새인공서식지 ······································································································· 217

6. 권역별 최대개체수 변화 ························································································· 220

7. 연차별(2003~2023) 조사 결과 비교 ···································································· 226

8. 특이사항 ··················································································································· 241

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❚ 표목차

<표 2-1> 낙동강하구의 보전 및 보호구역 현황 ······································································· 11

<표 2-2> 낙동강하구 문화재구역 변화 현황 ············································································ 13

<표 2-3> 자연환경보전지역의 변화 현황 ·················································································· 14

<표 2-4> 습지보호지역의 변화 현황 ·························································································· 15

<표 2-5> 특별관리해역의 변화 현황 ·························································································· 15

<표 2-6> 낙동강하구 지역의 완료된 사업 ················································································ 16

<표 2-7> 낙동강하구 지역의 진행 중인 사업 ··········································································· 19

<표 2-8> 낙동강하구 지역의 구상사업 ······················································································ 22

<표 2-9> 부산·진해경제자유구역 개발계획 ·············································································· 25

<표 2-10> 낙동강하구 지역의 복원 사업 ·················································································· 28

<표 3-1> 지목별 토지이용 변화 ·································································································· 37

<표 3-2> 용도지역별 토지이용 변화 ·························································································· 40

<표 3-3> 강서구의 농업 현황 ······································································································ 41

<표 3-4> 낙동강하구의 수산업 현황 ·························································································· 43

<표 3-5> 수산물 생산량 ··············································································································· 44

<표 3-6> 부산청게와 재첩 현황 ·································································································· 45

<표 4-1> 구포지점에서 발생한 홍수 예 ․ 경보 발령 현황 및 하굿둑 저수위 현황(1987∼2023) ·· 67

<표 4-2> 낙동강 하구일원 수질 일반항목 1차 조사결과(2022년 10월) ····························· 69

<표 4-3> 낙동강 하구일원 수질 부영양화항목 1차 조사결과(2022년 10월) ····················· 70

<표 4-4> 낙동강 하구일원 수질 일반항목 2차 조사결과(2023년 1월) ······························· 70

<표 4-5> 낙동강 하구일원 수질 부영양화항목 2차 조사결과(2023년 1월) ······················· 71

<표 4-6> 낙동강 하구일원 수질 일반항목 3차 조사결과(2023년 5월) ······························· 71

<표 4-7> 낙동강 하구일원 수질 부영양화항목 3차 조사결과(2023년 5월) ······················· 72

<표 4-8> 낙동강 하구일원 수질 일반항목 4차 조사결과(2023년 7월) ······························· 72

<표 4-9> 낙동강 하구일원 수질 부영양화항목 4차 조사결과(2023년 7월) ······················· 73

<표 4-10> 낙동강 하구해역의 생태기반 해수수질 기준 평가 ··············································· 83

<표 4-11> 낙동강 하구해역의 연차별 생태기반 해수수질 기준 평가 ·································· 88

<표 4-12> 낙동강 하구일원 수저퇴적물 1차 조사결과(2022년 10월) ································ 90

<표 4-13> 낙동강 하구일원 수저퇴적물 2차 조사결과(2023년 1월) ·································· 91

<표 4-14> 낙동강 하구일원 수저퇴적물 3차 조사결과(2023년 5월) ·································· 91

<표 4-15> 낙동강 하구일원 수저퇴적물 4차 조사결과(2023년 7월) ·································· 92

<표 4-16> 낙동강 하구해역의 해저퇴저물 기준 평가 ·························································· 103

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<표 4-17> 낙동강 하구해역 연차별 수저퇴적물기준 등급별 정점(수) 현황 ····················· 108

<표 5-1> 낙동강하구에서 관찰된 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ··················································· 122

<표 5-2> 낙동강하구에서 봄에 관찰된 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ·········································· 126

<표 5-3> 연도별 낙동강하구에서 봄철에 기록된 조류의 종수와 개체수 ·························· 129

<표 5-4> 낙동강하구에서 여름에 관찰된 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····································· 130

<표 5-5> 연도별 낙동강하구에서 여름철에 기록된 조류의 종수와 개체수 ······················ 132

<표 5-6> 낙동강하구에서 가을에 관찰된 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ······································ 133

<표 5-7> 연도별 낙동강하구에서 가을철에 기록된 조류의 종수와 개체수 ······················ 136

<표 5-8> 낙동강하구에서 겨울에 관찰된 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ······································ 137

<표 5-9> 연도별 겨울철에 기록된 조류의 종수와 개체수 ··················································· 140

<표 5-10> 낙동강하구에서 권역별 이동유형별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ···························· 143

<표 5-11> 을숙도 주변지역(A권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ······································· 146

<표 5-12> 을숙도 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 종수 및 개체수 ···································· 149

<표 5-13> 일웅도(B권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ······················································· 151

<표 5-14> 일웅도(B권역)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ······· 154

<표 5-15> 염막지역(C권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ···················································· 156

<표 5-16> 염막지역(C권역)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ······ 158

<표 5-17> 맥도강(D권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ························································ 160

<표 5-18> 맥도강(D)지역에서 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ······· 162

<표 5-19> 대저수문(E권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····················································· 164

<표 5-20> 대저수문(E)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····· 166

<표 5-21> 서낙동강(F권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····················································· 169

<표 5-22> 서낙동강(F)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····· 171

<표 5-23> 장자･신자도(G권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ·············································· 174

<표 5-24> 장자･신자도(G)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····· 176

<표 5-25> 백합･도요등(H권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ·············································· 179

<표 5-26> 백합･도요등(H)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ··· 181

<표 5-27> 대마등(I권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ·························································· 184

<표 5-28> 대마등(I)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ·········· 186

<표 5-29> 맹금머리등(J권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ················································· 188

<표 5-30> 맹금머리등(J)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 소권역별 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ······ 190

<표 5-31> 진우도(K권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ························································· 192

<표 5-32> 진우도(K)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ·························· 194

<표 5-33> 삼락둔치(L권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····················································· 196

<표 5-34> 삼락둔치(L)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ······················· 198

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<표 5-35> 대저둔치(M권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ···················································· 200

<표 5-36> 대저둔치(M)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····················· 202

<표 5-37> 화명둔치(N권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····················································· 204

<표 5-38> 화명둔치(N) 이동유형별로 분류한 종수 및 개체수 ··········································· 205

<표 5-39> 둔치도(O권역)에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ························································ 207

<표 5-40> 둔치도(O)에서 이동유형별로 분류한 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ·························· 209

<표 5-41> 낙동강하구에서 관찰된 조류의 분류군에 따른 권역별 종수 및 개체수 ········· 213

<표 5-42> 2023년 낙동강하구의 신자도, 도요등에서 번식조류의 번식 현황 ················· 216

<표 5-43> 최근 20년간 낙동강하구의 신자도, 도요등에서 번식조류의 번식현황 ·········· 216

<표 5-44> 낙동강하구의 철새인공서식지에서 조류의 종수 및 개체수 ····························· 218

<표 5-45> 대권역의 연차별 최대개체수 ················································································· 221

<표 5-46> 낙동강하구에서 관찰된 조류의 종수 및 최대개체수 ········································· 222

<표 5-47> 연차별로 조사된 낙동강하구 조류의 종수와 개체수 ········································· 226

<표 5-48> 낙동강하구에서 대권역별 연차별 고니류의 개체수 ·········································· 234

<표 5-49> 천연기념물의 연차별 출현 개체수 ········································································ 236

<표 5-50> 멸종위기 야생생물Ⅰ급의 출현 개체수 ································································ 238

<표 5-51> 멸종위기 야생생물 II 급의 연차별 출현 개체수 ·················································· 239

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❙그림목차

<그림 1-1> 낙동강하구 조사 대상지역 ························································································ 5

<그림 2-1> 낙동강하구의 보전 및 보호구역 지정 현황도 ······················································ 12

<그림 2-2> 낙동강하구 지역의 완료된 사업 ············································································ 18

<그림 2-3> 낙동강하구 지역의 진행 중인 사업 ······································································· 20

<그림 2-4> 낙동강하구 지역의 구상사업 ·················································································· 23

<그림 2-5> 부산·진해경제자유구역 개발계획 총괄도 ···························································· 24

<그림 2-6> 에코델타시티 조감도 ······························································································· 26

<그림 2-7> 제2에코델타시티 기본 구상도 ··············································································· 27

<그림 2-8> 낙동강하구 지역의 복원사업 ·················································································· 29

<그림 2-9> 낙동강하구 철새인공서식지 조성사업 후의 전경(2023년) ······························· 30

<그림 2-10> 낙동강 생태공원 조성사업 후의 전경(2023년) ················································ 31

<그림 2-11> 생태공원(일웅도)과 철새공원(을숙도) 복원사업 후의 전경(2023년) ·········· 32

<그림 3-1> 낙동강하구 지역의 인구 변화 ················································································ 35

<그림 3-2> 지목별 토지이용의 변화 ························································································ 36

<그림 3-3> 낙동강하구 지역의 용도지역별 토지이용 변화(단위 : ㎢) ································ 39

<그림 3-4> 강서구의 농가인구 및 농가수, 경지면적 ······························································ 42

<그림 3-5> 명지 ･ 신호 주변지역의 현황 ················································································· 46

<그림 3-6> 강동 ･ 가락 주변지역의 현황 ················································································· 47

<그림 3-7> 대저 ･ 화명 주변지역의 현황 ················································································· 48

<그림 3-8> 맥도 ･ 삼락 주변지역의 현황 ················································································· 49

<그림 3-9> 을숙도 주변지역의 현황 ·························································································· 50

<그림 4-1> 낙동강 하구의 고지도 ······························································································ 53

<그림 4-2> 하굿둑 건설 이전의 지형변화 ················································································ 56

<그림 4-3> 낙동강 하구지역의 주요 사주군 ············································································ 57

<그림 4-4> 하굿둑 건설 이후의 지형변화 ················································································ 60

<그림 4-5> 낙동강 하구 지형의 형성시기 ················································································ 62

<그림 4-6> 2021년(상)과 2022년(하) 낙동강 하구의 사주변화 ·········································· 63

<그림 4-7> 낙동강하구 지역의 기온 변화 ················································································ 64

<그림 4-8> 낙동강하구 지역의 지난 26년간 평균 월평균 기온(1997년~2022년)과 

20차년도 월평균 기온(2022년 9월~2023년 6월)의 비교 ································· 65

<그림 4-9> 낙동강하구 지역의 강수량 변화 ············································································ 65

<그림 4-10> 낙동강 하구역의 수질조사 정점 ·········································································· 68

viii

<그림 4-11> 하구해역 염분 농도 분포 ······················································································ 74

<그림 4-12> 철새인공서식지 염분 농도 분포 ·········································································· 74

<그림 4-13> 하구해역 COD 농도 분포 ····················································································· 75

<그림 4-14> 철새인공서식지 COD 농도 분포 ········································································· 76

<그림 4-15> 하구 유입하천 COD 농도 분포 ············································································ 76

<그림 4-16> 하구해역 T-N 농도 분포 ······················································································· 77

<그림 4-17> 철새인공서식지 T-N 농도 분포 ··········································································· 78

<그림 4-18> 하구 유입하천 T-N 농도 분포 ············································································· 78

<그림 4-19> 하구해역 T-P 농도 분포 ······················································································· 79

<그림 4-20> 철새인공서식지 T-P 농도 분포 ··········································································· 80

<그림 4-21> 하구 유입하천 T-P 농도 분포 ············································································· 80

<그림 4-22> 하구해역 Chl.a 농도 분포 ···················································································· 81

<그림 4-23> 철새인공서식지 Chl.a 농도 분포 ········································································ 82

<그림 4-24> 하구 유입하천 Chl.a 농도 분포 ··········································································· 82

<그림 4-25> 하구해역 연차별 COD 농도 분포 ········································································ 84

<그림 4-26> 철새인공서식지 연차별 COD 농도 분포 ···························································· 85

<그림 4-27> 하구해역 연차별 T-N 농도 분포 ········································································· 85

<그림 4-28> 철새인공서식지 연차별 T-N 농도 분포 ····························································· 86

<그림 4-29> 하구해역 연차별 T-P 농도 분포 ········································································· 87

<그림 4-30> 철새인공서식지 연차별 T-P 농도 분포 ····························································· 87

<그림 4-31> 낙동강하구지역 수저퇴적물 조사정점 ······························································· 89

<그림 4-32> 하구해역 수저퇴적물 강열감량 분포 ·································································· 93

<그림 4-33> 철새인공서식지 수저퇴적물 강열감량 분포 ······················································ 93

<그림 4-34> 하구 유입하천 수저퇴적물 강열감량 분포 ························································· 94

<그림 4-35> 하구해역 수저퇴적물 Cu 농도 분포 ···································································· 95

<그림 4-36> 철새인공서식지 수저퇴적물 Cu 농도 분포 ························································ 95

<그림 4-37> 하구 유입하천 수저퇴적물 Cu 농도 분포 ·························································· 96

<그림 4-38> 하구해역 수저퇴적물 Cd 농도 분포 ··································································· 97

<그림 4-39> 철새인공서식지 수저퇴적물 Cd 농도 분포 ······················································· 97

<그림 4-40> 하구 유입하천 수저퇴적물 Cd 농도 분포 ·························································· 98

<그림 4-41> 하구해역 수저퇴적물 Pb 농도 분포 ···································································· 99

<그림 4-42> 철새인공서식지 수저퇴적물 Pb 농도 분포 ························································ 99

<그림 4-43> 하구 유입하천 수저퇴적물 Pb 농도 분포 ························································ 100

<그림 4-44> 하구해역 수저퇴적물 Zn 농도 분포 ·································································· 101

<그림 4-45> 철새인공서식지 수저퇴적물 Zn 농도 분포 ······················································ 101

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<그림 4-46> 하구 유입하천 수저퇴적물 Zn 농도 분포 ························································ 102

<그림 4-47> 하구해역 수저퇴적물 연차별 강열감량 분포 ·················································· 104

<그림 4-48> 철새인공서식지 수저퇴적물 연차별 강열감량 분포 ······································ 105

<그림 4-49> 하구해역 수저퇴적물 연차별 Cd 농도 분포 ···················································· 106

<그림 4-50> 철새인공서식지 수저퇴적물 연차별 Cd 농도 분포 ········································ 106

<그림 4-51> 하구해역 수저퇴적물 연차별 Pb 농도 분포 ···················································· 107

<그림 4-52> 철새인공서식지 수저퇴적물 연차별 Pb 농도 분포 ········································ 108

<그림 5-1> 낙동강하구의 조류조사 위치도(대권역) ···························································· 114

<그림 5-2> 을숙도 주변지역(A권역) 조사 이동경로 ···························································· 115

<그림 5-3> 일웅도 주변지역(B권역) 조사 이동경로 ···························································· 115

<그림 5-4> 염막지역(C권역) 조사 이동경로 ·········································································· 115

<그림 5-5> 맥도강지역(D권역) 조사 이동경로 ····································································· 116

<그림 5-6> 대저수문(E권역) 조사 이동경로 ·········································································· 116

<그림 5-7> 서낙동강권역(F권역) 조사 이동경로 ·································································· 116

<그림 5-8> 장자·신자도 주변지역(G권역) 조사 이동경로 ··················································· 117

<그림 5-9> 백합·도요등 주변지역(H권역) 조사 이동경로 ··················································· 117

<그림 5-10> 대마등 주변지역(I권역) 조사 이동경로 ···························································· 117

<그림 5-11> 맹금머리등 주변지역(J권역) 조사 이동경로 ··················································· 118

<그림 5-12> 진우도 주변지역(K권역) 조사 이동경로 ·························································· 118

<그림 5-13> 삼락둔치 주변지역(L권역) 조사 이동경로 ······················································· 118

<그림 5-14> 대저둔치(M권역) 조사 이동경로 ······································································· 119

<그림 5-15> 화명둔치(N권역) 조사 이동경로 ······································································· 119

<그림 5-16> 둔치도(O권역) 조사 이동경로 ··········································································· 119

<그림 5-17> 낙동강하구의 권역별 조류 종수(좌) 및 개체수(우) ······································· 120

<그림 5-18> 을숙도 주변지역(A권역) 조사 위치도 ······························································ 145

<그림 5-19> 을숙도 전경 ········································································································· 145

<그림 5-20> 을숙도 하단부 전경 ···························································································· 145

<그림 5-21> 일웅도 주변지역(B권역) ····················································································· 150

<그림 5-22> 국립청소년생태센터 공사현장 ·········································································· 151

<그림 5-23> 을숙도생태공원 전경 ························································································· 151

<그림 5-24> 염막지역(C권역) ·································································································· 155

<그림 5-25> 염막지역 내 습지 ································································································ 155

<그림 5-26> 큰고니 ·················································································································· 155

<그림 5-27> 맥도강(D권역) ······································································································ 159

<그림 5-28> 흰뺨검둥오리 ········································································································ 160

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<그림 5-29> 노랑부리저어새 ···································································································· 160

<그림 5-30> 대저수문(E권역) ·································································································· 163

<그림 5-31> 대저수문 전경 ····································································································· 164

<그림 5-32> 큰고니와 큰기러기 ······························································································ 164

<그림 5-33> 서낙동강(국도14호선-신호공단 주변지역 : F권역) ······································ 168

<그림 5-34> 서낙동강 전경 ····································································································· 168

<그림 5-35> 민물가마우지 ······································································································ 168

<그림 5-36> 장자․신자도 주변지역(G권역) ············································································ 173

<그림 5-37> 장자⸱신자도 전경 ································································································ 173

<그림 5-38> 신자도의 세가락도요 ························································································· 173

<그림 5-39> 백합･도요등 주변지역(H권역) ··········································································· 178

<그림 5-40> 백합･도요등 전경 ······························································································· 178

<그림 5-41> 도요등 전경 ········································································································· 178

<그림 5-42> 대마등 주변지역(I권역) ······················································································ 183

<그림 5-43> 대마등 전경 ········································································································· 183

<그림 5-44> 민물가마우지 서식지 ························································································· 183

<그림 5-45> 맹금머리등 주변지역(J권역) ············································································· 187

<그림 5-46> 맹금머리등 주변 전경 ························································································ 187

<그림 5-47> 노랑부리저어새 ·································································································· 187

<그림 5-48> 진우도 주변지역(K권역) ····················································································· 191

<그림 5-49> 혹부리오리 ·········································································································· 191

<그림 5-50> 진우도 전경 ········································································································· 191

<그림 5-51> 삼락둔치(L권역) ··································································································· 195

<그림 5-52> 삼락둔치 전경 ····································································································· 195

<그림 5-53> 중백로 ·················································································································· 195

<그림 5-54> 대저둔치(M권역) ·································································································· 199

<그림 5-55> 대저생태공원 하부 수로 ····················································································· 199

<그림 5-56> 신덕습지의 청둥오리 ························································································· 199

<그림 5-57> 화명둔치(N권역) ·································································································· 203

<그림 5-58> 화명생태공원 전경 1 ··························································································· 203

<그림 5-59> 화명생태공원 전경 2 ··························································································· 203

<그림 5-60> 둔치도(O권역) ······································································································ 206

<그림 5-61> 민물가마우지 ······································································································ 206

<그림 5-62> 큰고니 ·················································································································· 206

<그림 5-63> 도요등의 흰물떼새 알 ························································································ 214

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<그림 5-64> 신호 철새인공서식지 전경 ················································································ 217

<그림 5-65> 대마등 철새인공서식지 전경 ············································································· 217

<그림 6-66> 낙동강하구에서 계절별 조류의 출현 종수 및 개체수 ···································· 227

<그림 6-67> 낙동강하구에서 지역별 조류의 출현 종수 연간 변이 ·································· 230

<그림 5-68> 낙동강하구에서 지역별 조류의 출현 개체수 연간 변이 ································ 231

<그림 5-69> 낙동강하구에서 출현하는 주요 분류군의 출현 개체수 연간 변이 ·············· 233

<그림 5-70> 낙동강하구의 을숙도 철새인공서식지, 신호 철새인공서식지, 대마등 

철새인공서식지에서 도래하는 조류의 종수(상)와 개체수(하)의 연간 변이 ··········· 240

<그림 5-71> 낙동강하구에서 가을철(11월)과 겨울철(12월, 1월, 2월) 조류 연간 

개체수 변이 ·········································································································· 241

<그림 5-72> 낙동강하구에서 가을철(11월) 주요 겨울철새 종의 연간 개체수 변이 ······· 242

<그림 5-73> 20년간 낙동강하구 쇠제비갈매기의 최대개체수 변화(좌)와 

쇠제비갈매기의 산란수 변화(우) ······································································ 242

<그림 5-74> 20년간 낙동강하구 민물가마우지의 최대개체수 변화(좌)와 권역별 분포 

현황(우) ················································································································· 244

<그림 5-75> 대마등 철새인공서식지 내 민물가마우지 집단 서식지 현황 ························ 244