이선영

부산 경제는 서비스업의 부가가치·고용 비중 확대와 인구구조 변화·기술 진화에 동시에 직면해 새로운 성장동력 발굴이 필요함.

지역 서비스산업의 위상과 경쟁력을 분석하고 성장 잠재력이 높은 산업을 부산형 신서비스산업으로 선정해 육성 방안을 마련하는 것이 목적임.

정부 정책은 규제개혁 중심에서 투자·혁신, 서비스 R&D, 디지털화, 수출 활성화 중심으로 전환된 것으로 정리됨.

부산 서비스산업 비중은 2022년 부가가치 76.9%, 종사자 78.3%로 확대돼 경제의 서비스화가 빠르게 진행됨.

다만 생산자서비스업은 서울·경기보다 비중과 특화도가 낮고 변이할당분석에서도 비특화·열위산업으로 진단됨.

부산형 신서비스산업 후보군으로 지식서비스산업을 선정하고 ICT·콘텐츠 제공·전문 지식서비스의 3개 대분류, 11개 중분류, 20개 소분류로 구성함.

2022년 부산 지식서비스산업은 사업체 18,397개, 종사자 78,955명으로 동남권 내 절대 규모는 가장 크지만 서울과의 격차가 큼.

사업체당 평균 종사자는 4.29명이며 사업체·종사자 기준 모두 특화된 소분류는 시험·분석·측량 1개뿐이라 영세성과 낮은 특화도가 확인됨.

연구는 부산형 신서비스산업을 “혁신 기술·아이디어 융·복합 신지식서비스산업”으로 정의함.

육성 방향은 성장 잠재력과 고부가가치 창출력이 높은 지식서비스산업에 신기술·아이디어를 융복합해 혁신하는 것으로 설정함.

종합 과제로 규제개혁·혁신센터, AI 기반 혁신클러스터, IDX/IAX 융합 콤플렉스, AX·DX 혁신위원회, 인재 유치, 종합계획과 광역 거버넌스 강화를 제안함.

분야별로 AI 소프트웨어, 핀테크·전자상거래, 빅데이터 정보처리, 게임·영상콘텐츠, 경영지원, 엔지니어링, 디자인, 융복합 R&D 플랫폼 등을 제시함.

결론적으로 서비스 R&D 전주기 지원과 산학연 협력, 시장 출시 전후 검증체계를 결합해 지역 서비스산업을 지속가능한 성장동력으로 전환해야 함.

목차

vii

제1장 연구개요 ······································································································1

1. 연구 필요성 및 목적 1

1) 연구 필요성 1

2) 연구 목적 1

2. 선행 연구 현황 및 본 연구와의 차별성 1

1) 선행 연구 현황 1

2) 본 연구의 차별성 3

3. 주요 연구 내용 3

1) 연구 범위 및 방법 3

2) 주요 연구 내용 3

3) 기대효과 4

제2장 메가트렌드 및 서비스산업 정책 동향 ··························································5

1. 신서비스산업 발굴을 위한 메가트렌드 분석 5

1) 인구구조 변화 5

2) 기술 진화 12

2. 신서비스산업 발굴을 위한 정부 및 부산시 정책 동향 분석 17

1) 서비스산업 관련 정부 정책 동향 17

2) 부산시 서비스산업 관련 정책 26

제3장 부산 서비스산업의 위상 및 경쟁력 분석 ···················································31

1. 부산 서비스산업 분석을 위한 산업분류 31

2. 부산 경제의 서비스화 34

1) 경제의 서비스화 34

2) 부산 경제의 서비스화 36

3. 부산 서비스산업의 세부산업별 위상 및 경쟁력 분석 41

1) 부산 서비스산업의 부가가치 및 고용 창출 41

2) 부산 서비스산업의 산업유형 분석 62

viii

제4장 부산 신서비스산업의 산업군 구성 및 현황 분석 ·······································71

1. 부산 신서비스산업의 산업군 구성: 지식서비스산업 분류체계 71

2. 부산 신서비스산업의 산업군 현황: 지식서비스산업의 사업체 및 종사자수 75

1) 사업체 현황 75

2) 종사자 현황 82

3. 부산 신서비스산업의 산업유형: 지식서비스산업의 사업체·종사자 특화도 90

제5장 부산형 신서비스산업 발굴 및 육성 방안 ···················································95

1. 부산형 신서비스산업 발굴 및 선정 95

1) 부산형 신서비스산업 발굴 근거 95

2) 부산형 신서비스산업 개념화 및 육성 방향 98

2. 부산형 신서비스산업의 육성을 위한 추진 과제 100

1) 종합 102

2) 분야별 105

참고문헌 ···············································································································119

부록 ···············································································································123

표 목차

ix

<표 2-1> OECD 여성의 평균 합계출산율 및 주요 국가별 여성의 합계출산율 ·········································6

<표 2-2> OECD 여성의 평균 첫출산 연령 ································································································7

<표 2-3> OECD 주요 국가별 여성의 무자녀 비중 ····················································································7

<표 2-4> 주요 국가별 중점 투자 기술 및 분야 ·······················································································13

<표 2-5> 전 세계 시가총액 상위 10위권 기업 ························································································14

<표 2-6> 주요 국가별 IT 산업의 위상 ······································································································16

<표 2-7> 주요 국가별 ST 산업의 위상 ····································································································16

<표 2-8> 서비스산업 관련 정부 정책 동향 ·······························································································18

<표 2-9> 「서비스 R&D 활성화 전략」(′20.10.27.)의 목표 및 추진과제 ················································21

<표 2-10> 「서비스 R&D 활성화 전략」(′20.10.27.)의 서비스 연구개발(R&D) 업종별·목적별 사례 예시 ········22

<표 2-11> 「서비스산업 코로나19 대응 및 발전전략」(′21.03.03.)의 비전·목표 및 추진전략 ···············23

<표 2-12> 「서비스산업의 디지털화 전략」(′23.07.21.)의 비전·전략 및 핵심과제 ··································25

<표 2-13> 「부산 서비스산업 육성 기본계획」(′20)의 비전·전략 및 과제 ················································27

<표 2-14> 2024년 추진과제 연차별 투자계획 ·························································································28

<표 2-15> 서비스산업 관련 정부 및 부산시의 정책별 유망서비스 업종 ·················································29

<표 3-1> 브라우닝·싱글만의 서비스산업 분류 ··························································································31

<표 3-2> 「부산 서비스산업 육성 기본계획」(′20.07.09)의 서비스산업 분류 ··········································32

<표 3-3> 본 연구의 서비스산업 분석을 위한 산업분류 ············································································33

<표 3-4> 주요 국가별 경제의 서비스화: ′20년 부가가치 기준 ·······························································35

<표 3-5> 주요 국가별 경제의 서비스화: ′00년 부가가치 기준 ·······························································36

<표 3-6> 부산 경제의 서비스화: 부가가치 기준 ·······················································································37

<표 3-7> 부산 경제의 서비스화: 종사자 기준 ··························································································39

<표 3-8> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 규모: 부가가치(명목) 기준 ·····················································42

<표 3-9> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 전 산업 내 비중: 부가가치(명목) 기준 ··································43

<표 3-10> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 전 산업 내 비중 증감(′22년-′00년): 부가가치(명목) 기준 ······44

<표 3-11> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 전국 내 비중: 부가가치(명목) 기준 ·····································45

<표 3-12> 전국사업체조사 통계의 사업체 조사 기준 : 조사기반·등록기반 ·············································46

<표 3-13> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 규모: 종사자수(등록기반: ′22년, ′20년) 기준 ···················47

<표 3-14> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 전 산업 내 비중: 종사자수(등록기반: ′22년, ′20년) 기준 ······48

<표 3-15> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 전 산업 내 비중 증감: 종사자수

(등록기반: ′22년, ′20년) 기준 ······························································································49

<표 3-16> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 전국 내 비중: 종사자수(등록기반: ′22년, ′20년) 기준 ······50

<표 3-17> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 규모: 종사자수(조사기반: ′20년, ′00년) 기준 ···················52

<표 3-18> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 전 산업 내 비중: 종사자수(조사기반: ′20년, ′00년) 기준 ······53

x

<표 3-19> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 전 산업 내 비중 증감: 

종사자수(조사기반: ′20년, ′00년) 기준 ·················································································54

<표 3-20> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 전국 내 비중: 종사자수(조사기반: ′20년, ′00년) 기준 ·······55

<표 3-21> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 사업체 평균 종사자수: 

종사자수(등록기반: ′22년, ′20년) 기준 ·················································································56

<표 3-22> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 사업체 평균 종사자수: 

종사자수(조사기반: ′20년, ′00년) 기준 ·················································································57

<표 3-23> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 노동 생산성: 종사자수(등록기반: ′22년, ′20년) 기준 ······58

<표 3-24> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 노동 생산성 수준(전국=100): 

종사자수(등록기반: ′22년, ′20년) 기준 ·················································································59

<표 3-25> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 노동 생산성: 종사자수(조사기반: ′20년, ′00년) 기준 ······60

<표 3-26> 부산 서비스산업의 세부 산업별 노동 생산성 수준(전국=100): 

종사자수(조사기반: ′20년, ′00년) 기준 ·················································································61

<표 3-27> 부산 서비스산업의 산업유형: 특화도(입지계수) 기준 ······························································62

<표 3-28> 서울 서비스산업의 산업유형: 특화도(입지계수) 기준 ······························································63

<표 3-29> 변이할당분석을 이용한 산업유형 분석 방법 ···········································································64

<표 3-30> 부산 서비스산업의 산업유형: 변이할당분석 ′20~′22년 ························································66

<표 3-31> 서울 서비스산업의 산업유형: 변이할당분석 ′20~′22년 ························································67

<표 3-32> 부산 서비스산업의 산업유형: 변이할당분석 ′00~′20년 ························································68

<표 3-33> 서울 서비스산업의 산업유형: 변이할당분석 ′00~′20년 ························································69

<표 4-1> 지식서비스산업의 개념 및 분류 ·································································································71

<표 4-2> 지식서비스산업의 분류체계 ········································································································72

<표 4-3> 부산 지식서비스산업의 규모 : ′22년 사업체(등록기반) 기준 ··················································75

<표 4-4> 부산 지식서비스산업의 규모: ′20년 사업체(등록기반) 기준 ····················································76

<표 4-5> 부산 지식서비스산업의 연평균 증감률(′20년-′22년): 사업체(등록기반) 기준 ························77

<표 4-6> 부산 지식서비스산업[=100%] 내 비중: ′22년 사업체(등록기반) 기준 ····································78

<표 4-7> 부산 지식서비스산업[=100%] 내 비중: ′20년 사업체(등록기반) 기준 ····································79

<표 4-8> 부산 지식서비스산업의 전국 내 비중: ′22년 사업체(등록기반) 기준 ······································80

<표 4-9> 부산 지식서비스산업의 전국 내 비중: ′20년 사업체(등록기반) 기준 ······································81

<표 4-10> 부산 지식서비스산업의 규모: ′22년 종사자(등록기반) 기준 ··················································82

<표 4-11> 부산 지식서비스산업의 규모: ′20년 종사자(등록기반) 기준 ··················································83

<표 4-12> 부산 지식서비스산업의 연평균 증감률(′20년-′22년): 종사자(등록기반) 기준 ······················84

<표 4-13> 부산 지식서비스산업[=100%] 내 비중: ′22년 종사자(등록기반) 기준 ·································85

xi

<표 4-14> 부산 지식서비스산업[=100%] 내 비중: ′20년 종사자(등록기반) 기준 ·································86

<표 4-15> 부산 지식서비스산업의 전국 내 비중: ′22년 종사자(등록기반) 기준 ····································87

<표 4-16> 부산 지식서비스산업의 전국 내 비중: ′20년 종사자(등록기반) 기준 ····································88

<표 4-17> 부산 지식서비스산업 사업체의 평균 종사자수: ′22년(등록기반) ···········································89

<표 4-18> 부산 지식서비스산업의 특화도(입지계수): ′22년 사업체(등록기반) 기준 ·······························90

<표 4-19> 부산 지식서비스산업의 특화도(입지계수): ′22년 종사자(등록기반) 기준 ·······························91

<표 4-20> 부산 지식서비스산업의 산업유형 분석: ′22년(등록기반) 특화도(입지계수) 기준 ··················92

<표 4-21> 서울 지식서비스산업의 산업유형 분석: ′22년(등록기반) 특화도(입지계수) 기준 ··················93

<표 5-1> 부산형 신서비스산업 ‘혁신 기술·아이디어 융·복합 신지식서비스산업’ 우선 육성 부문 선정: 

전문가 자문 ································································································································99

<표 5-2> 부산형 신서비스산업(혁신 기술·아이디어 융·복합 신지식서비스산업) 육성을 위한 

추진 과제 ·······························································································································100

그림 목차

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<그림 2-1> 전국과 부산의 인구구조 변화 추이 ··························································································9

<그림 2-2> 전국과 부산의 출생아수·합계출산율 추이와 ′23년 시도별 합계출산율 ································10

<그림 2-3> 부산의 인구 고령화 속도 ·······································································································10

<그림 2-4> 전국과 부산의 생산연령인구(15~64세) 추이 ·········································································11

<그림 2-5> 전국과 부산의 핵심생산연령인구(25~49세) 추이 ··································································11

<그림 2-6> 생산연령인구 감소에 따른 경제·사회 영향 ············································································12

<그림 2-7> 가트너(Gartner) 10대 전략기술 트렌드 ················································································13

<그림 3-1> 부산 경제의 서비스화: 부가가치 추이 ···················································································38

<그림 3-2> 부산 경제의 서비스화: 고용(종사자) 추이 ·············································································40

<그림 4-1> 부산·서울의 지식서비스산업 소분류 기준 사업체·종사자 특화도(입지계수) ··························94

<그림 5-1> 부산형 신서비스산업의 개념화 ·······························································································98