제1장 서론····························································································· 1
1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ····················································································· 1
1) 연구 배경 ······························································································· 1
2) 연구 목적 ······························································································· 4
2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ····················································································· 5
1) 기본 전제 (前提, Premise) ································································· 5
2) 연구 범위 ······························································································· 7
3) 연구 방법 ····························································································· 22
제2장 부산 도시 중심지 체계 고찰 ·············································· 26
1. 기본 개념 ·································································································· 26
1) 개념 이해 ····························································································· 26
2) 유형 분류 ····························································································· 48
2. 형성 과정 ·································································································· 51
1) 공간 구조 ····························································································· 51
2) 계획 내용 ····························································································· 61
3. 현상 진단 ·································································································· 67
1) 진단 방법 ····························································································· 67
2) 진단 결과 ····························································································· 68
제3장 전문가 설문조사 분석··························································· 80
1. 조사 설계 ·································································································· 80
1) 조사 목적 ····························································································· 80
2) 조사 방법 ····························································································· 81
2. 조사 결과 ·································································································· 87
1) 도시 중심지의 기본 인식 ································································· 87
2) 도시 중심지의 질 (質, Quality) ························································ 91
3) 미래 부산 도시 중심지의 방향 ······················································· 110
4) 미래 부산 도시 중심지의 정책 ······················································· 127
제4장 부산 도시 중심지 체계 재편 방안···································· 129
1. 기본 방향 ································································································ 129
1) 기본 전제 ·························································································· 129
2) 재편 과제 ·························································································· 134
3) 재편 방향 ·························································································· 142
2. 미래 구상 ································································································ 145
1) 기본 얼개 ·························································································· 145
2) 계획 개념 ·························································································· 147
3) 체계 조정 ·························································································· 150
4) 공간 구상 ·························································································· 153
5) 주요 정책 및 사업 ··········································································· 156
3. 재편 방법 ································································································ 168
1) 추진 체계 ·························································································· 168
2) 추진 단계 ·························································································· 169
제5장 결론························································································· 170
1. 연구 적요 (摘要, Brief) ········································································· 170
2. 정책 제언 ································································································ 173
3. 후속 과제 및 여담 (餘談, Excursus) ················································· 175
Abstract······························································································· 177
참고문헌····························································································· 178
부록···································································································· 186
1. 전문가 설문조사 자료 ············································································ 186
2. 국내·외 사례조사 자료 ·········································································· 213
3. 도시기본계획 내용조사 자료 (1972~2017) ········································ 228
<표 Ⅰ-1> 부산 대개조 관련 신문기사 검색결과 ··············································· 6
<표 Ⅰ-2> 국내 주요 연구 (부산 외) ································································· 13
<표 Ⅰ-3> 국내 주요 연구 (부산 내) ································································· 14
<표 Ⅰ-4> 국외 관련 연구 ················································································· 15
<표 Ⅰ-5> 도시 중심지 관련 법률 검토 ··························································· 19
<표 Ⅰ-6> 2030 도시기본계획 (2017) ······························································· 20
<표 Ⅰ-7> 기존 논의의 한계 ············································································· 21
<표 Ⅰ-8> 연구 범위 설정 ················································································· 21
<표 Ⅰ-9> 준거집단 설문조사 방법 ·································································· 23
<표 Ⅰ-10> 연구 과정 ························································································ 25
<표 Ⅱ-1> 부산 시가지 형성 단계 ···································································· 54
<표 Ⅱ-2> 부산의 도시 중심지 체계 변화 양상 ··············································· 55
<표 Ⅱ-3> 부산의 용도지역별 면적 변화 (2008-2019) ···································· 56
<표 Ⅱ-4> 부산의 주요 중심지 공간형태 현황 (1) ··········································· 57
<표 Ⅱ-5> 부산의 주요 중심지 공간형태 현황 (2) ··········································· 58
<표 Ⅱ-6> 부산의 도시기본계획 수립 현황 ······················································ 63
<표 Ⅱ-7> 부산의 도시기본계획 상 중심지 체계도 ········································· 64
<표 Ⅱ-8> 부산 중심지의 현상 진단 지표 ························································ 67
<표 Ⅱ-9> 개별공시지가 지표 분석결과 (2019, 원/㎡) ···································· 68
<표 Ⅱ-10> 실제 용적률 지표 분석결과 (2018) ················································ 70
<표 Ⅱ-11> 유동인구 지표 분석결과 (2016) ····················································· 73
<표 Ⅱ-12> 월별 유동인구 지표 분석도 (2016) ················································ 75
<표 Ⅱ-13> 큰 결절점 통행분석도 (2017) ························································· 78
<표 Ⅱ-14> 작은 결절점 통행분석도 (2017) ····················································· 79
<표 Ⅲ-1> 설문 조사항목 ·················································································· 81
<표 Ⅲ-2> 설문 조사과정 ·················································································· 82
<표 Ⅲ-3> 유효 표본수 ······················································································ 83
<표 Ⅲ-4> 응답자 특성 ······················································································ 84
<표 Ⅲ-5> 자료 처리 과정 ················································································ 84
<표 Ⅲ-6> 일원분산분석 (One-Way ANOVA) 결과 ········································ 85
<표 Ⅲ-7> 교차분석 결과 ·················································································· 86
<표 Ⅲ-8> ‘도시 중심지’ 관련 공간에 대한 인지도 ········································ 87
<표 Ⅲ-9> ‘도시 중심지’ 관련 공간에 대한 인지도 일원분산분석결과 ·········· 87
<표 Ⅲ-10> ‘도시 중심지’ 관련 시간에 대한 인지도 ····································· 88
<표 Ⅲ-11> ‘도시 중심지’ 관련 시간에 대한 인지도 일원분산분석결과 ········ 88
<표 Ⅲ-12> ‘도시 중심지’ 관련 내용에 대한 인지도 ····································· 89
<표 Ⅲ-13> ‘도시 중심지’ 관련 내용에 대한 인지도 일원분산분석결과 ········ 89
<표 Ⅲ-14> ‘도시 중심지’ 체계 설정 시 고려해야 할 공간 범위 ··················· 90
<표 Ⅲ-15> ‘도시 중심지’ 체계 설정 시 고려해야 할 시간 범위 ··················· 90
<표 Ⅲ-16> ‘도시 중심지’ 체계 설정 시 고려해야 할 내용 범위 ··················· 91
<표 Ⅲ-17> 부산의 ‘도시 중심지’의 중요도 ····················································· 91
<표 Ⅲ-18> 부산의 ‘도시 중심지’의 중요도 일원분산분석결과 ······················ 92
<표 Ⅲ-19> 현재 부산의 ‘도시 중심지’의 상태 ·············································· 92
<표 Ⅲ-20> 현재 부산의 ‘도시 중심지’의 상태 일원분산분석결과 ················· 93
<표 Ⅲ-21> 현재 부산의 ‘도시 중심지’의 역할 수행 정도 ····························· 93
<표 Ⅲ-22> 현재 부산의 ‘도시 중심지’의 역할 수행 정도 일원분산분석결과 ····· 93
<표 Ⅲ-23> 부산의 ‘도시 중심지’가 도시계획 및 관리에서 반영 정도 ·········· 94
<표 Ⅲ-24> 부산의 ‘도시 중심지’가 도시계획·관리 반영정도 일원분산분석결과 ·· 94
<표 Ⅲ-25> 부산에 있는 ‘도시 중심지’의 공간에 대한 평가 ·························· 95
<표 Ⅲ-26> 부산에 있는 ‘도시 중심지’ 공간 평가 일원분산분석결과 ·················· 95
<표 Ⅲ-27> 부산에 있는 ‘도시 중심지’의 시간에 대한 평가 ·························· 97
<표 Ⅲ-28> 부산에 있는 ‘도시 중심지’의 시간에 대한 평가 일원분산분석결과 ··· 97
<표 Ⅲ-29> 부산에 있는 ‘도시 중심지’의 내용에 대한 평가 ·························· 97
<표 Ⅲ-30> 부산에 있는 ‘도시 중심지’의 내용에 대한 평가 일원분산분석결과 ··· 97
<표 Ⅲ-31> 동네 차원 중심지 작동 상태 ························································· 98
<표 Ⅲ-32> 동네 차원 중심지 작동 상태 일원분산분석결과 ··························· 98
<표 Ⅲ-33> 권역 차원 중심지 작동 상태 ························································· 99
<표 Ⅲ-34> 권역 차원 중심지 작동 상태 일원분산분석결과 ··························· 99
<표 Ⅲ-35> 도시 차원 중심지 작동 상태 ························································· 99
<표 Ⅲ-36> 도시 차원 중심지 작동 상태 일원분산분석결과 ························ 100
<표 Ⅲ-37> 광역 차원 중심지 작동 상태 ······················································· 100
<표 Ⅲ-38> 광역 차원 중심지 작동 상태 일원분산분석결과 ························ 101
<표 Ⅲ-39> 세계 차원 중심지 작동 상태 ······················································· 101
<표 Ⅲ-40> 세계 차원 중심지 작동 상태 일원분산분석결과 ························ 101
<표 Ⅲ-41> 먼 과거 차원고려 상태 ································································ 102
<표 Ⅲ-42> 먼 과거 차원 고려 상태 일원분산분석결과 ································ 102
<표 Ⅲ-43> 조금 먼 과거 차원 고려 상태 ····················································· 103
<표 Ⅲ-44> 조금 먼 과거 차원 작동 상태 일원분산분석결과 ······················· 103
<표 Ⅲ-45> 현재 차원 고려 상태 ··································································· 104
<표 Ⅲ-46> 현재 차원 고려 상태 일원분산분석결과 ··································· 104
<표 Ⅲ-47> 미래 차원 고려 상태 ··································································· 105
<표 Ⅲ-48> 미래 차원 고려 상태 일원분산분석결과 ····································· 105
<표 Ⅲ-49> 먼 미래 차원 고려 상태 ······························································ 105
<표 Ⅲ-50> 먼 미래 차원 고려 상태 일원분산분석결과 ································ 106
<표 Ⅲ-51> 형평 가치 고려 상태 ··································································· 106
<표 Ⅲ-52> 형평 가치 고려 상태 일원분산분석결과 ··································· 107
<표 Ⅲ-53> 준형평 가치 고려 상태 ································································ 107
<표 Ⅲ-54> 준형평 가치 고려 상태 일원분산분석결과 ································· 108
<표 Ⅲ-55> 균형 가치 고려 상태 ··································································· 108
<표 Ⅲ-56> 균형 가치 고려 상태 일원분산분석결과 ····································· 108
<표 Ⅲ-57> 준효율 가치 고려 상태 ································································ 109
<표 Ⅲ-58> 준효율 가치 고려 상태 일원분산분석결과 ································· 109
<표 Ⅲ-59> 효율 가치 고려 상태 ··································································· 110
<표 Ⅲ-60> 효율 가치 고려 상태 일원분산분석결과 ····································· 110
<표 Ⅲ-61> 동네 차원 중심지 고려 방향 ······················································· 111
<표 Ⅲ-62> 동네 차원 중심지 고려 방향 인식 일원분산분석결과 ··············· 111
<표 Ⅲ-63> 권역 차원 중심지 고려 방향 ······················································· 112
<표 Ⅲ-64> 권역 차원 중심지 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ························ 112
<표 Ⅲ-65> 도시 차원 중심지 고려 방향 ······················································· 112
<표 Ⅲ-66> 도시 차원 중심지 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ························ 113
<표 Ⅲ-67> 광역 차원 중심지 고려 방향 ······················································· 113
<표 Ⅲ-68> 광역 차원 중심지 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ························ 114
<표 Ⅲ-69> 세계 차원 중심지 고려 방향 ······················································· 114
<표 Ⅲ-70> 세계 차원 중심지 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ························ 114
<표 Ⅲ-71> 먼 과거 차원 고려 방향 ······························································ 115
<표 Ⅲ-72> 먼 과거 차원 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ································ 115
<표 Ⅲ-73> 조금 먼 과거 차원 고려 방향 ····················································· 116
<표 Ⅲ-74> 조금 먼 과거 차원 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ······················· 116
<표 Ⅲ-75> 현재 차원 고려 방향 ··································································· 117
<표 Ⅲ-76> 현재 차원 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ····································· 117
<표 Ⅲ-77> 미래 차원 고려 방향 ································································· 118
<표 Ⅲ-78> 미래 차원 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ····································· 118
<표 Ⅲ-79> 먼 미래 차원 고려 방향 ···························································· 118
<표 Ⅲ-80> 먼 미래 차원 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ································ 119
<표 Ⅲ-81> 형평 가치 고려 방향 ··································································· 119
<표 Ⅲ-82> 형평 가치 고려 방향 일원배치분산분석 ····································· 120
<표 Ⅲ-83> 준형평 가치 고려 방향 ································································ 120
<표 Ⅲ-84> 준형평 가치 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ································· 121
<표 Ⅲ-85> 균형 가치 고려 방향 ··································································· 121
<표 Ⅲ-86> 균형 가치 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ····································· 121
<표 Ⅲ-87> 준효율 가치 고려 방향 ································································ 122
<표 Ⅲ-88> 준효율 가치 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ································· 122
<표 Ⅲ-89> 효율 가치 고려 방향 ··································································· 123
<표 Ⅲ-90> 효율 가치 고려 방향 일원분산분석결과 ····································· 123
<표 Ⅲ-91> 미래 부산의 가장 바람직한 도시공간체계를 반영한 유형 ········ 123
<표 Ⅲ-92> 미래 부산의 가장 바람직한 시간체계를 반영한 유형 ··············· 125
<표 Ⅲ-93> 미래 부산의 가장 바람직한 중심지 기능 및 활동체계 반영유형 ··· 126
<표 Ⅲ-94> 종합할 때, 미래에 가장 바람직한 부산의 중심지 체계 유형 ··· 126
<표 Ⅲ-95> 키워드 표 (1) ·············································································· 127
<표 Ⅲ-96> 키워드 표 (2) ·············································································· 128
<표 Ⅳ-1> 부산광역시 추진 대개조 사업 목록 ·············································· 133
<표 Ⅳ-2> 기본 고찰을 통한 참조점 ······························································ 134
<표 Ⅳ-3> 설문조사 항목별 주요 참조점 ······················································· 141
<표 Ⅳ-4> 미래 부산 중심지 공간 차원별 중요도 ········································· 143
<표 Ⅳ-5> 미래 부산 중심지 내용(기능) 차원별 중요도 ······························· 143
<표 Ⅳ-6> 미래 부산 중심지 시간 차원별 중요도 ········································· 143
<표 Ⅳ-7> 미래 부산의 중심지 체계 유형 ····················································· 144
<표 Ⅳ-8> 부산 도시 중심지 체계 재편 목표 ················································ 150
<표 Ⅳ-9> 부산 도시 중심지 분류 제안 ························································· 152
<표 Ⅳ-10> 동네 계획의 단계별 주요 내용 ··················································· 156
<표 Ⅳ-11> 단계별 추진 시책 ········································································· 163
<표 Ⅴ-1> 「부산광역시 도시계획조례」 개정 (안) ··········································· 173
<그림 Ⅰ-1> 지구 연결성 (Global Connectivity) ·········································· 4
<그림 Ⅰ-2> 난고디 (Nangodi, Ghana)의 정착지 사례 ······························· 8
<그림 Ⅰ-3> 옛 도시에 나타난 도시 중심지 예 ·········································· 10
<그림 Ⅰ-4> 대도시 분포와 예측 (2018년과 2030년) ································· 11
<그림 Ⅰ-5> 언론에 나타난 키워드 검색 (부산 중심지와 도심) 결과 ······· 17
<그림 Ⅰ-6> 2030 도시기본계획 (2017) 중심성 변화추이분석 결과 ········ 18
<그림 Ⅱ-1> 도시화 지역의 입지 패턴 ························································· 27
<그림 Ⅱ-2> 자기 중심성의 도식 ··································································· 29
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 국내·외 이상향의 주요 사례 ···················································· 30
<그림 Ⅱ-4> 도시공간구조의 4유형 ····························································· 31
<그림 Ⅱ-5> 지속가능한 도시형태의 4가지 모델 ······································ 32
<그림 Ⅱ-6> 도시확장이 이루어진 대도시 이동시간과 도시공간구조 ···· 33
<그림 Ⅱ-7> 아시아 주요 항만도시의 성장패턴 ········································ 33
<그림 Ⅱ-8> TOD의 이론적 선형 모델 ······················································· 34
<그림 Ⅱ-9> 튀넨 모델 (Von Thunen Model)의 도식 ······························ 36
<그림 Ⅱ-10> 지대차 (地代差, Rent Gap) 도식 ·········································· 37
<그림 Ⅱ-11> 중심지 이론의 기초 이해 ······················································· 39
<그림 Ⅱ-12> 도시 중심지의 공간인지 체계 개념도 ·································· 41
<그림 Ⅱ-13> 서울과 부산의 인지지도 ························································· 41
<그림 Ⅱ-14> 사회적 진화와 공간질서 ························································· 43
<그림 Ⅱ-15> 도시 중심지의 경로의존 이해 방식 ······································ 44
<그림 Ⅱ-16> 도시 중심지의 경로의존 변화 예시 ······································ 45
<그림 Ⅱ-17> 경로다향 (徑路多向 Path Diversity) 기본 개념 도식 ······· 46
<그림 Ⅱ-18> 네트워크 도시화 4 단계 (경로의존 및 경로다향 혼합) ······ 47
<그림 Ⅱ-19> 아시아 주요 항만도시 성장 패턴 (항만도시 참조사례) ······ 47
<그림 Ⅱ-20> 도시 중심지의 기본 원형 ······················································· 48
<그림 Ⅱ-21> 도시 중심지 체계 분류의 기본 틀 ········································ 49
<그림 Ⅱ-22> 도시 중심지 체계의 4개 유형 분류 ······································ 50
<그림 Ⅱ-23> 부산의 자연지형 구조 ····························································· 51
<그림 Ⅱ-24> 부산지역 시가지 변화 양상 ··················································· 52
<그림 Ⅱ-25> 부산의 주요 지표 변화 비교 ············································· 52
<그림 Ⅱ-26> 부산의 토지피복 분류 (1980년대 말) ···································· 53
<그림 Ⅱ-27> 부산의 토지피복 분류 (2020년) ············································· 53
<그림 Ⅱ-28> 부산광역시 토지이용 및 교통체계 현황도 (2018) ··············· 57
<그림 Ⅱ-29> 부산의 도시공간구조 골격 ····················································· 60
<그림 Ⅱ-30> 부산시 도시계획관할구역 변화 (1910년대~2010년대) ········ 62
<그림 Ⅱ-31> 도시기본계획의 관할구역 면적과 목표년도 인구 변화 ······ 63
<그림 Ⅱ-32> 부산과 주변 지역의 도시 중심지와 발전 축 ······················· 65
<그림 Ⅱ-33> 부산을 모도시로 한 광역권 설정 현황 ································ 66
<그림 Ⅱ-34> 토지가 그리드 분석 셀 측정 방법 ········································ 68
<그림 Ⅱ-35> 개별 공시지가 지표 분석도 (단위: 원/㎡) ···························· 69
<그림 Ⅱ-36> 용적률 그리드 분석 셀 측정 방법 ········································ 70
<그림 Ⅱ-37> 실제용적률 지표 분석도 (단위: %) ········································ 71
<그림 Ⅱ-38> 허용 용적률 분석도 (단위: %) ··············································· 72
<그림 Ⅱ-39> 유동인구 그리드 분석 셀 측정방법 ······································ 73
<그림 Ⅱ-40> 유동인구 지표 분석도 (단위: %) ··········································· 74
<그림 Ⅱ-41> 통행량 분석 과정 ···································································· 76
<그림 Ⅱ-42> 통행량 지표 분석도 (보행) ······················································ 76
<그림 Ⅱ-43> 통행량 지표 분석도 (차량) ······················································ 76
<그림 Ⅱ-44> 통행량 지표 분석도 (종합) ······················································ 77
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 키워드 지도 (1) ········································································ 127
<그림 Ⅲ-2> 키워드 지도 (2) ······································································ 128
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 부산광역권 인구 증감 (2000~2019) ······································ 130
<그림 Ⅳ-2> 제4차 산업혁명의 양상 ··························································· 131
<그림 Ⅳ-3> 자기중심 연결망 분석결과 ····················································· 133
<그림 Ⅳ-4> 허용용적률과 실제 용적룔 차이 ············································ 135
<그림 Ⅳ-5> 부산 도시 중심지의 방향성 (고점과 저점) ························· 142
<그림 Ⅳ-6> 도시 중심지 체계 구상 얼개 ················································· 146
<그림 Ⅳ-7> 넷톰시티 중심지 체계 계획 개념 구성 ································ 147
<그림 Ⅳ-8> 넷톰시티 중심지 체계 계획 개념 구상도 ····························· 148
<그림 Ⅳ-9> 넷톰시티 중심지 체계 작동 구상도 ···································· 149
<그림 Ⅳ-8> 공간구상 기본도 ···································································· 145
<그림 Ⅳ-9> 넷톰시티 중심지 체계작동 구상도 ······································ 147
<그림 Ⅳ-10> 공간구상 기본도 ···································································· 154
<그림 Ⅳ-11> 부산광역시 중심지 체계 재편 구상도 ······························ 155
<그림 Ⅳ-12> 부산 SUM (Seamless Urban Mobility) 적용노선 구축도 ······· 157
<그림 Ⅳ-13> 부산 SUM (Seamless Urban Mobility) 복합환승역 예시도 ···· 158
<그림 Ⅳ-14> 부산의 도시 중심권 네트워크 구상도 (안) ························· 159
<그림 Ⅳ-15> 참조사례: 런던의 중심활동지역 (CAZ) 역사자산 ·············· 160
<그림 Ⅳ-16> 참조사례: 런던의 중심활동지역 (CAZ) 상업향상지구 (BID) ····· 160
<그림 Ⅳ-17> 중심지경영지구 (가칭)의 운영체계 ······································ 162
<그림 Ⅳ-18> 참조사례: 스튜트가르트 라멘플랜 ····································· 164
<그림 Ⅳ-19> 부산 도시회랑축 설정도 ······················································· 166
<그림 Ⅳ-20> 부산 도시 회랑축 예시 ························································· 167
<그림 Ⅳ-21> 부산 도시 중심지 체계 재편을 위한 관계지도 ················· 168
<그림 Ⅳ-22> 부산 도시 중심지 체계 재편 단계 ······································ 169
<그림 Ⅴ-1> 「부산광역시 도시중심지 총괄본부(가칭)」 구성도 ··············· 174
