제1장 서론 ·················································································································1
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ························································································1
2. 연구범위 및 방법 ·····························································································3
1) 연구범위 ······································································································3
2) 연구방법 및 진행과정 ·················································································3
3. 연구내용 ···········································································································3
제2장 탄소중립(넷제로) 배경과 동향 ··········································································5
1. 탄소중립 배경 ···································································································5
1) 글로벌 신 패러다임에 동참 ········································································5
2) 새로운 질서에 부응 ····················································································6
2. 주요 동향 ·········································································································7
1) EU의 그린딜과 국가별 탄소중립 선언 ·······················································7
2) 한국과 부산의 탄소중립 추진전략과 과제 ··················································9
제3장 트라이포트 탄소중립 대상지 범위와 온실가스 배출량 추정 ··························12
1. 트라이포트 개념과 부산형 트라이포트의 범위 ···············································12
1) 트라이포트(Tri-Port) 개념 ········································································12
2) 동북아 물류플랫폼 연계 부산형 트라이포트의 범위 ·································13
2. 트라이포트 온실가스 배출량 추정 방향 설정 ·················································14
1) 온실가스 배출량 개요 ···············································································14
2) 현 온실가스 배출량 산정의 과제 ······························································18
3) 트라이포트 지역 온실가스 배출량 추정 방향 ···········································22
3. 트라이포트 온실가스 배출원 범위 설정 ·························································23
1) 국가온실가스 배출원 분류 ········································································23
2) 부산시 온실가스 발생 동향 ······································································24
3) 트라이포트 지역 설정 ···············································································27
4) 트라이포트 온실가스 배출원과 공간 매칭 ················································43
제4장 트라이포트 탄소중립 기본구상 ······································································58
1. 탄소중립 실현 방향 ························································································58
1) 탄소중립 실현의 의미 ···············································································58
2) 탄소중립 실현 방향 ··················································································59
3) 분야별 실현 수단 설정을 위한 전략 ························································60
4) 에너지 분야 탄소중립에 대한 접근법 ·······················································62
5) 탄소중립 실현과 원자력의 적용 방향 ·······················································64
2. 탄소중립 실현 연관 주요 동향 ·······································································69
1) 정부의 탄소중립 2050 추진전략 ······························································69
2) 에너지 분야 실행 계획안 ··········································································71
3) 부산시의 탄소중립 비전과 추진과제 ·························································72
3. 트라이포트 탄소중립 실현 기본구상 ·······························································75
1) 신재생에너지 기반 분산형 전력 체계 ·······················································75
2) RE100 ······································································································80
3) 수소에너지 ································································································85
4) 수송 시스템의 탄소중립 ············································································89
5) 정주지의 탄소중립 ····················································································95
6) 탄소흡수원 확대 ························································································98
7) 폐기물 분야의 탄소중립 ············································································99
8) 기타 ········································································································102
9) 탄소중립 기본구상 소결론 ······································································103
제5장 트라이포트 탄소중립 실현 방안 ··································································106
1. 탄소 저감 수단에 대한 전문가 의견조사 ·····················································106
1) 조사개요 ·································································································106
2) 조사설계 및 내용 ···················································································106
3) 분석 ········································································································107
2. 트라이포트 탄소 중립 실현 방향 ·································································108
1) 텍소노미에 대한 정책 방향 ····································································108
2) 탄소중립 실현 경로는 수년동안 정체하다, 이후 지속적 저감 시나리오가 우세 · 109
3. 트라이포트 지역 탄소중립 영향요인 평가 ····················································110
1) 단계별 상대적 중요도 ·············································································111
4. 탄소 저감 수단별 우선순위 평가 ·································································112
1) RE100 도입과 확산이 최우선 순위로 평가됨 ········································113
2) 10 가지 탄소 저감 수단별 고려 요인 평가 ···········································113
5. 트라이포트 탄소중립 실현 방안 ···································································118
1) 탄소중립 포트폴리오 설정 ······································································118
2) RE100 실현 방안 ··················································································123
6. 트라이포트지역 탄소중립 실현과 미세먼지 저감 효과 ·································135
1) 부산시 대기오염 실태 ·············································································135
2) 온실가스와 대기오염물질의 상관관계 ·····················································137
3) 2050년 트라이포트지역 탄소중립 실현 시 미세먼지 저감 효과 ············138
제6장 결론 및 정책제언 ························································································141
1. 결론 ··············································································································141
1) 연구배경 및 내용 ···················································································141
2) 주요 결과 ······························································································142
2. 정책제언 ·······································································································146
1) 부산은 원전의 특수성을 고려한 인센티브 수혜를 추진 ··························146
2) 트라이포트의 재 해석과 특성을 고려한 탄소중립 방안 선제적 추진 ·····148
3) 트라이포트 탄소중립을 위한 거버넌스 구성 ···········································149
4) 관련 후속연구 지속 추진 ········································································152
Abstract ················································································································154
참고문헌 ·················································································································156
부록 ························································································································159
<표 Ⅱ-1> 주요 국가별 탄소중립 선언 현황 ····································································9
<표 Ⅱ-2> 정부의 탄소중립 추진과제별 부산시 대응 상황 ···········································11
<표 Ⅲ-1> 부산광역시 배출 유형 분석 결과 ·································································16
<표 Ⅲ-2> 직접배출량의 주요 배출원 ············································································17
<표 Ⅲ-3> 간접배출량의 주요 배출원 ············································································18
<표 Ⅲ-4> 정주지 인벤토리 산정을 위해 필요한 국가 공간 자료 ·································20
<표 Ⅲ-5> 국가 온실가스 배출원 분류 (직접배출) ························································23
<표 Ⅲ-6> 국가 온실가스 인벤토리 (간접배출) ······························································24
<표 Ⅲ-7> 가덕신항 연계 철도, 교통망 계획 ································································36
<표 Ⅲ-8> 토지이용 범주에 따른 국내 통계 현황 ·······················································36
<표 Ⅲ-9> IPCC GL에 부합되는 정주지의 공간 범위와 역할 ······································37
<표 Ⅲ-10> 강서구 용도지역 현황 ·················································································38
<표 Ⅲ-11> 토지 지목별 현황 ·······················································································38
<표 Ⅲ-12> 부산시 온실가스 배출인벤토리 (국가온실가스배출량 기준) ························44
<표 Ⅲ-13> 트라이포트 지역 온실가스 인벤토리 구성 ··················································45
<표 Ⅲ-14> 에너지분야 온실가스 배출량 추정 (전체 배출량 중 차지하는 비중) ··········48
<표 Ⅲ-15> 정주지 온실가스 배출량 추정 ·····································································48
<표 Ⅲ-16> HFCs(수소불화탄소), PFCs(과불화탄소), SF6(육불화황) 지구온난화지수 ··· 50
<표 Ⅲ-17> 임목 바이오매스의 탄소 산정 계수 ····························································53
<표 Ⅲ-18> 트라이포트 지역 온실가스 배출량 추정 결과 ·············································55
<표 Ⅳ-1> 탄소중립 실현 5대 분야 10개 대상 설정 ····················································61
<표 Ⅳ-2> EU 택소노미에 따른 친환경 산업 판별 예시 ·············································68
<표 Ⅳ-3> 정부의 탄소중립 2050 추진전략에서 경제구조 저탄소화 정책과제의
주관부처와 세부계획 발표 일정 ···································································70
<표 Ⅳ-4> 온실가스 배출유형 중 지자체 관리대상과 비관리대상 구분 ·························73
<표 Ⅳ-5> 부산시 2030 온실가스 저감 정책과 사업 중 10,000 톤CO2eq. 이상
정책과 사업 목록 ·························································································73
<표 Ⅳ-6> 제3차 에너지기본계획의 분산전원 관련 내용 ···············································77
<표 Ⅳ-7> 구축설비 제원 ·······························································································79
<표 Ⅳ-8> RE100 재생에너지전력 조달 방식 ·······························································81
<표 Ⅳ-9> RE100 시기별 최소 달성 기준 ····································································81
<표 Ⅳ-10> 일본의 재생/비 재생에너지 증서 구성 내용 ··············································83
<표 Ⅳ-11> RE100 인정 수단별 국내 현황 및 가능 방안 ···········································84
<표 Ⅳ-12> 수소의 활용범위에 대한 확장성 ·································································85
<표 Ⅳ-13> McKinsey의 선종별 대안 연료 평가 ·························································90
<표 Ⅳ-14> 규제에 따른 프레온의 변천 ······································································103
<표 Ⅳ-15> 온실가스 배출원별 저감 수단 ··································································104
<표 Ⅳ-16> 저감 수단별 부산시 주요사업 연계 결과 ·················································105
<표 Ⅴ-1> 전문가 의견조사 개요 ·················································································106
<표 Ⅴ-2> 1 단계 영향요인별 가중치 결과와 순위 ·····················································111
<표 Ⅴ-3> 1, 2 단계 항목별 연관 사례 예시 ·····························································112
<표 Ⅴ-4> RE100 수단의 주요 영향 요인 판단 결과와 특성 해석 ····························115
<표 Ⅴ-5> 10 가지 저감 수단별 전체 영향요인과 특성 판단 ·····································115
<표 Ⅴ-6> 가중치 1 순위 기준으로 10 가지 저감 수단의 특성 판단 ························116
<표 Ⅴ-7> 1, 2 단계 영향요인과 저감 수단 매칭 결과 ·············································117
<표 Ⅴ-8> 10 가지 저감 수단별 가중치 연계 우선순위로 소팅 결과 ·························119
<표 Ⅴ-9> 군집분석결과를 토대로 그룹별로 저감 수단을 재 배치한 결과 ·················120
<표 Ⅴ-10> 그룹별 가중치 합산 결과 ·········································································121
<표 Ⅴ-11> 시기적으로 탄소저감 기여율 전망과 가중치 적용 후 최종 기여율 ··········122
<표 Ⅵ-1> 트라이포트 탄소중립을 위한 탄소저감 10 가지 저감 수단 ·······················143
<표 Ⅵ-2> 트라이포트 탄소중립 관련 부산시 연관부서 (추정) ····································150
<그림 Ⅰ-1> 글로벌 해상물류 변화 전망과 부산의 잠재력 (전제 :북극항로 가시화) ······2
<그림 Ⅰ-2> 연구 수행 진행 과정 ···················································································4
<그림 Ⅱ-1> 지구온도 상승이 미치는 영향 구성 ·····························································5
<그림 Ⅱ-2> 각 국가별 온실가스 배출정점과 탄소중립 소요기간 ····································6
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 유럽의 그린딜의 주요 내용 ·········································································8
<그림 Ⅱ-4> 정부의 탄소중립 추진전략과 10대 과제 ···················································10
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 트라이포트(Tri-Port) 개념도 ·····································································13
<그림 Ⅲ-2> 동북아 물류 플랫폼 대상 구역 ·································································14
<그림 Ⅲ-3> 온실가스 배출량 산정방법 ·········································································15
<그림 Ⅲ-4> 온실가스 배출 유형 ···················································································16
<그림 Ⅲ-5> 정주지 세부 유형 구분 모식도 사례 ·························································20
<그림 Ⅲ-6> 부산광역시 부문‧분야별 온실가스 배출량 비중 추이 ·································25
<그림 Ⅲ-7> 부산광역시 부문‧분야별 온실가스 직접배출 분야별 추이 ··························26
<그림 Ⅲ-8> 부산광역시 부문‧분야별 온실가스 간접배출 분야별 추이 ··························27
<그림 Ⅲ-9> 부산 트라이포트가 속한 행정구역인 부산시 강서구 위치 ·························28
<그림 Ⅲ-10> 부산광역시 도시계획상의 강서지역 위상 ·················································29
<그림 Ⅲ-11> 부산광역시 도시계획상에서 부산의 주요 성장축 ·····································29
<그림 Ⅲ-12> 부산광역시 도시계획상에서 나타난 중심지 분석 결과 ····························30
<그림 Ⅲ-13> 강서구지역 인구이동 상황 ·······································································31
<그림 Ⅲ-14> 부산 트라이포트의 항공 분야 대상 공간 (공항+공항복합도시) ···············32
<그림 Ⅲ-15> 부산항 신항과 배후부지 현황도 ······························································33
<그림 Ⅲ-16> 부산신항과 배후부지 행정 경계도 ···························································34
<그림 Ⅲ-17> 부산시 철도시설 재배치 계획 ·································································34
<그림 Ⅲ-18> 가덕신항 연계 철도, 교통망 계획 ···························································35
<그림 Ⅲ-19> 강서구 용도지역 현황도 ··········································································39
<그림 Ⅲ-20> 강서지역 산업단지 현황도 ·······································································40
<그림 Ⅲ-21> 트라이포트지역 온실가스 배출량 전망 (2050년도까지) ··························57
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 탄소중립 – 온실가스 배출량 저감과 흡수원 확대의 의미 ·························58
<그림 Ⅳ-2> 탄소중립 실현의 3가지 방향 ·····································································59
<그림 Ⅳ-3> CCUS 관련 기술적 방법 ··········································································60
<그림 Ⅳ-4> 탄소중립 실현을 전략 – 다 배출 대상에서 저 배출 대상으로 접근 ·········62
<그림 Ⅳ-5> 비 수송용 에너지 구분과 이해 ·································································63
<그림 Ⅳ-6> 에너지 및 전력수요 ···················································································64
<그림 Ⅳ-7> 우리나라 지방자치단체별 전력자립률 ························································65
<그림 Ⅳ-8> 우리나라 지방자치단체별 전력자립률 순위 ···············································66
<그림 Ⅳ-9> 부산시 기장군 지역 원자력 발전 설비용량 추정 ······································67
<그림 Ⅱ-10> 정부의 탄소중립 2050 추진전략 비전과 과제 ·······································69
<그림 Ⅳ-11> 산업통상자원부 탄소중립 2050 에너지 분야 실행계획 – 관련 산업군을 중심으로 - ·· 71
<그림 Ⅳ-12> 2050 탄소중립을 위한 부산시2030 온실가스 저감 1단계 실행계획 ·····73
<그림 Ⅳ-13> 우리나라 전력계통 현황 ··········································································76
<그림 Ⅳ-14> 가사도 마이크로그리드 구성도 ································································78
<그림 Ⅳ-15> 가사도 전경(태양광 및 풍력 발전기) ······················································79
<그림 Ⅳ-16> 대륙별 RE100 가입 현황 ·······································································80
<그림 Ⅳ-17> RE100을 추진하는 주요이유 ··································································81
<그림 Ⅳ-18> FIT비화석증서의 거래 흐름도(좌) 및 비FIT비화석증서의 거래 흐름도(우) ··· 84
<그림 Ⅳ-19> 울산시 수소도시 조성 계획도 ·································································87
<그림 Ⅳ-20> 수소의 구분 ·····························································································87
<그림 Ⅳ-21> 수소를 중심으로 공항, 항만, 공업지역을 구성한 구상도 ························88
<그림 Ⅳ-22> IMO의 선박분야 탄소중립 전략 구성도 ·················································89
<그림 Ⅳ-23> 수소 적용이 필요한 모빌리티 분야 ·······················································92
<그림 Ⅳ-24> Modal Shift (연안연계 컨테이너 수송과정) 개념도 ·······························93
<그림 Ⅳ-25> 내륙항과 철도를 이용하여 항만물류 분야 탄소 저감 실행 개념도 ·········93
<그림 Ⅳ-26> 철도중심의 도심지 물류체계 개선 구상도 ···············································94
<그림 Ⅳ-27> 개발제한구역 분포도(좌) 및 태양광 시장잠재량 분포도(우) ····················96
<그림 Ⅳ-28> BIPV 대표사례인 한전 KDN 사옥(좌)과 조망권 침해가 우려되는
고정식 태양광 설치 사례(우) ··································································97
<그림 Ⅳ-29> 그린리모델링 시공 후 에너지 저감 실태 현황 ·······································97
<그림 Ⅳ-30> 서부산권 생태자연도 ···············································································98
<그림 Ⅳ-31> 우리나라 자원재활용 제도 정책 도입 경과 ···········································100
<그림 Ⅳ-32> 자원순환 체계도 ····················································································100
<그림 Ⅳ-33> 플라스틱의 구분과 플라스틱 쓰레기 순환과정 ······································101
<그림 Ⅳ-34> 폐플라스틱·폐비닐로 수소를 만드는 과정 ·············································102
<그림 Ⅴ-1> 트라이포트 지역 탄소중립 실현방안 선정 문제의 계층구조 ···················107
<그림 Ⅴ-2> 택소노미에 원전 포함 타당하다는 응답의 세부요인 ·······························108
<그림 Ⅴ-3> 택소노미에 원전 불포함 응답자의 세부요인 ···········································109
<그림 Ⅴ-4> 트라이포트 탄소중립의 실현 시기 전망에 대한 응답 결과 ·····················110
<그림 Ⅴ-5> 2 단계 항목의 항목별 가중치 결과 ························································111
<그림 Ⅴ-6> 10 가지 저감 수단 기본구상별 상대적 가중치 ·····································114
<그림 Ⅴ-7> RE100 수단의 주요 영향 요인 판단 결과 ·············································114
<그림 Ⅴ-8> 가중치 연계 군집분석 결과 ·····································································120
<그림 Ⅴ-9> 트라이포트 탄소중립 실현 전망 포트폴리오 구성 결과 ··························122
<그림 Ⅴ-10> ESG 실천의 3 가지 주요 분야별 핵심 키워드 ····································124
<그림 Ⅴ-11> Fit for 55 법안의 주요 내용 ·······························································126
<그림 Ⅴ-12> 트라이포트 지역 RE100 대상지 개요 ··················································127
<그림 Ⅴ-13> 르노삼성 자동차(좌), 서부산 유통단지 태양광 시설(우) ·······················128
<그림 Ⅴ-14> 부산 신항만 배후부지 조감도 ·······························································128
<그림 Ⅴ-15> 충남 당진시의 RE100 산업단지 개요도 ···············································130
<그림 Ⅴ-16> 경남 창원시 스마트그린 산업단지 조성 개요도 ····································131
<그림 Ⅴ-17> e-fuel 개념도 ······················································································133
<그림 Ⅴ-18> 친환경항만 조성 개념도 ········································································134
<그림 Ⅴ-19> 대기오염물질과 온실가스 원인물질과의 관계 ········································135
<그림 Ⅴ-20> 부산시 대기오염물질별 배출량 전망 ·····················································136
<그림 Ⅴ-21> 미세먼지로 사라진 서울 강남 지역의 모습 ···········································136
<그림 Ⅴ-22> 대기오염물질과 온실가스 상관관계 ·······················································138
<그림 Ⅴ-23> 온실가스 저감과 대기오염물질 배출량 감소의 상관관계 ······················139
<그림 Ⅴ-24> 2050년 트라이포트지역 탄소중립 실현 시 미세먼지 배출량 저감 효과 ·139
<그림 Ⅴ-25> 2050년 트라이포트지역 탄소중립 실현 시 NOx 배출량 저감 효과 ····140
<그림 Ⅵ-1> 우리나라 원자력발전소 가동 현황 ···························································146
<그림 Ⅵ-2> 광주광역시 탄소중립 거버넌스 구성도 ····················································151
