제1장 연구개요······················································································ 1
1. 연구배경 ······································································································· 1
2. 연구목적 ······································································································· 3
3. 연구범위 ······································································································· 5
4. 연구방법 ······································································································· 6
제2장 부산의 자영업자 규모와 가구경제········································ 7
1. 자영업 개념 ································································································· 7
2. 자영업자 규모 ··························································································· 10
3. 개인사업자 업종 ······················································································· 23
4. 개인사업자 생존율 ··················································································· 28
5. 구・군별 개인사업자 규모 ······································································ 30
6. 자영업 가구의 소득과 순자산 ································································ 32
제3장 부산의 자영업 매출 여건····················································· 38
1. 인구 ············································································································ 38
2. 생활형편 ···································································································· 41
3. 개인신용카드 소비 ··················································································· 44
4. 인터넷/모바일 상거래 ············································································· 47
5. 비제조업 기업경기실사지수 ···································································· 50
6. 임대료 수준 ······························································································· 51
제4장 부산의 영세자영업 삶과 경영············································· 55
1. 조사의 설계 ······························································································· 55
2. 업체 기본개요 ··························································································· 59
1) 무등록사업자 약 5% ·········································································· 59
2) 10년 이상 점포 48%, 3년 미만 점포 25% ···································· 61
3) 자가소유건물 전체의 16.0% ····························································· 63
4) 평균월세 낮을수록 점포개업기간 증가 ············································ 65
5) 종사자 구성은 1인 혹은 가족무급종사자인 경우가 2/3 ·············· 66
3. 자영업주 삶 ······························································································· 69
1) 자영업자는 50대와 60대가 주력 ······················································ 69
2) 부동산자산 미보유 비중 26.0% ······················································· 71
3) 국민연금 미납 비중 27.0% ······························································· 73
4) 자영업 시작한 나이 30-40대 ··························································· 74
5) 자영업 시작의 이유 비재정적 요인이 절반 ···································· 75
6) 자영업은 60세 이후 노인일자리로 기능함 ····································· 77
7) 하루 10시간 - 주간 70시간 노동 ···················································· 78
8) 음식업에서 노동 강도가 매우 높음 ················································· 81
9) 가족/친구와 함께하는 시간 ······························································ 86
10) 자영업주로서의 삶 만족 여부 ························································ 89
4. 자영업체 경영 ························································································· 102
1) 폐업 시 은퇴하거나 재창업 할 계획 ············································· 102
2) 자영업체 공적제도 가입률 ······························································ 105
3) 자영업 경기(월 소득) ······································································· 107
4) 자영업 경영 핵심 애로사항 ···························································· 124
5) 부산 자영업자의 미래 ······································································ 125
6) 자영업이 어려운 이유 ······································································ 128
7) 영세자영업자의 목소리 - 지원 정책 ············································· 134
제5장 부산 자영업 시사점······························································ 137
1. 자영업자의 특성 구분 ············································································ 137
2. 주요 업종의 과밀 심화 ·········································································· 138
3. 가구경제 악화 ························································································· 141
4. 자영업자의 삶 만족도 ············································································ 142
5. 노인일자리, 노인복지로서의 자영업 ···················································· 144
6. 자영업을 하는 이유 ··············································································· 147
7. 장시간 근무 ····························································································· 149
Abstract································································································ 151
참고문헌····························································································· 152
부록···································································································· 154
<표 Ⅱ-1> 국내 자영업 통계와 특징 ······························································· 9
<표 Ⅱ-2> 부산의 자영업자와 경제활동인구수 ············································ 11
<표 Ⅱ-3> 지역별, 업태별 가동사업자 현황(2017년 기준) ························ 25
<표 Ⅱ-4> 부산 자영업 세 업종의 개인사업자 추세 ··································· 27
<표 Ⅱ-5> 산업별, 조직형태별 신생기업 5년 생존율(2016년 기준) ········· 29
<표 Ⅱ-6> 구・군 개인사업자 통계 - 부산광역시 - ·································· 30
<표 Ⅱ-7> 가구 소득과 순자산 연평균 증가율 비교 ··································· 35
<표 Ⅱ-8> 가구주 종사상 지위별 연령, 순자산 현황(2018년) ·················· 36
<표 Ⅲ-1> 부산 15세 이상 인구수 추이 ······················································· 39
<표 Ⅳ-1> 업종별 표본 배분 ·········································································· 57
<표 Ⅳ-2> 설문문항의 구조 ············································································ 58
<표 Ⅳ-3> 업종별 사업자등록증 보유 여부 ·················································· 60
<표 Ⅳ-4> 업종별 자영업 점포의 개업기간 분포 ········································ 62
<표 Ⅳ-5> 본인건물 여부에 따른 개업기간 비교 ······································ 65
<표 Ⅳ-6> 점포개업기간과 월세 분포 ··························································· 66
<표 Ⅳ-7> 종사자 구성에 따른 자영업 형태 ················································ 67
<표 Ⅳ-8> 자영업주 1인당 종사자수 ····························································· 69
<표 Ⅳ-9> 자영업주 연령 분포 ······································································ 70
<표 Ⅳ-10> 부동산 자산 소유 여부에 따른 자영업주 연령 분포 ············ 72
<표 Ⅳ-11> 자영업을 최초 시작한 나이 ······················································· 75
<표 Ⅳ-12> 자영업을 시작하게 된 가장 중요한 이유 ································ 76
<표 Ⅳ-13> 자영업 영위하기 원하는 최대 나이 ·········································· 78
<표 Ⅳ-14> 자영업자의 일평균 노동시간 ····················································· 79
<표 Ⅳ-15> 주간 노동시간의 분포 ································································· 80
<표 Ⅳ-16> 평균 휴무일 ·················································································· 81
<표 Ⅳ-17> 육체노동 강도 ·············································································· 82
<표 Ⅳ-18> 정신적 노동 강도 ········································································ 83
<표 Ⅳ-19> 업무로 인한 상해 질병 불안 ····················································· 84
<표 Ⅳ-20> 고객, 거래처로부터의 스트레스 경험(최근 1년) ····················· 85
<표 Ⅳ-21> 가족 친구와 함께 하는 시간 ····················································· 87
<표 Ⅳ-22> 1년 내 여행 여부와 가장 먼 여행지 ········································ 88
<표 Ⅳ-23> 자영업주로서 현재 삶에 만족하는 지 여부 ····························· 89
<표 Ⅳ-24> 만족도 그룹별 자영업 특성 비교 ·············································· 91
<표 Ⅳ-25> 자영업주로서 삶에 만족하는 이유 ············································ 98
<표 Ⅳ-26> 자영업주로서 삶에 불만족하는 이유 ······································ 100
<표 Ⅳ-27> 현 점포를 폐업 할 경우의 선택 ············································· 103
<표 Ⅳ-28> 연령대별 점포 폐업 시 은퇴하겠다는 응답비중 ··················· 104
<표 Ⅳ-29> 자영업자를 위한 제도 가입 비율 ··········································· 106
<표 Ⅳ-30> 자영업 개업 이후 월 소득이 가장 많았던 해 ······················· 108
<표 Ⅳ-31> 자영업 개업 이후 월 소득이 가장 적었던 해 ······················· 108
<표 Ⅳ-32> 경기상황에 따른 자영업의 월 소득 분포 ······························ 110
<표 Ⅳ-33> 월 소득 그룹에 따른 자영업자 비교 ······································ 115
<표 Ⅳ-34> 연령대 구분에 따른 자영업 월 소득 분포 ···························· 120
<표 Ⅳ-35> 자영업 경영의 가장 힘든 점 ··················································· 125
<표 Ⅳ-36> 부산 자영업자의 미래 전망 ····················································· 126
<표 Ⅳ-37> 부산 자영업자의 미래 전망 - 소득 그룹별 비교 ················· 127
<표 Ⅳ-38> 부산 자영업이 어려운 이유 ····················································· 129
<표 Ⅳ-39> 월 소득 그룹에 따른 부산자영업 어려운 이유 인식 차이 ·· 130
<표 Ⅳ-40> 자영업자를 위한 지원정책 요구 ··········································· 134
<표 Ⅴ-1> 부산의 자영업체수(주요 업종)와 총인구의 비율 ····················· 140
<표 Ⅴ-2> 자영업주로서 현재 삶에 만족한다는 응답 빈도 ····················· 143
<표 Ⅴ-3> 자영업자 연령대별 불경기시 월 소득 빈도와 평균 소득 ······ 146
<표 Ⅴ-4> 자영업을 시작한 가장 중요한 계기 빈도 ································ 148
<표 Ⅴ-5> 주간 노동시간의 분포 ································································· 150
<그림 Ⅰ-1> 연구의 구성과 주요 내용 ··························································· 6
<그림 Ⅱ-1> 국내 특별・광역시의 자영업자 비중 ······································ 12
<그림 Ⅱ-2> 부산의 자영업자 비중 추이 7대도시 비교 ····························· 13
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 부산 자영업자의 전국 비중 추이 ············································ 13
<그림 Ⅱ-4> 부산 내 비임금근로자 규모와 추이 ········································ 14
<그림 Ⅱ-5> 부산의 비임금근로자/총취업자수 비중 ·································· 15
<그림 Ⅱ-6> 부산의 1인 혹은 가족자영업 비중 추이 ································ 17
<그림 Ⅱ-7> 부산의 종사자지위별 자영업자 추이(개별 데이터) ··············· 18
<그림 Ⅱ-8> 부산의 종사자지위별 자영업자 추이(누적 데이터) ··············· 19
<그림 Ⅱ-9> 부산의 종사자지위별 자영업자 변화(1999=0) ······················· 19
<그림 Ⅱ-10> OECD 국가의 자영업자 비중(2017년 기준, 농립어업 제외) ···· 21
<그림 Ⅱ-11> 주요 세 업종의 부산 자영업 추이 ········································ 27
<그림 Ⅱ-12> 개인사업자 신생기업 생존율 통계(2016년 기준) ················ 28
<그림 Ⅱ-13> 업종별 신생기업 형태별 5년생존율 비교 ···························· 29
<그림 Ⅱ-14> 구・군의 개인사업자수 변화(2017년-2013년) ···················· 31
<그림 Ⅱ-15> 구・군의 개인사업자수 비중 변화 추이(변동 상위 5개 지역) ····· 32
<그림 Ⅱ-16> 국내 자영업 가구의 소득과 순자산 추이 ··························· 34
<그림 Ⅱ-17> 소득분위별 자영업자와 상용근로자의 평균연령(2018년) ··· 37
<그림 Ⅱ-18> 소득분위별 자영업자와 상용근로자의 순자산(2018년) ······ 37
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 부산시 15세 이상 인구수 추이 ··············································· 39
<그림 Ⅲ-2> 부산시 15세이상 인구 전년동기증가율 비교 ························· 40
<그림 Ⅲ-3> 부산 현재생활형편 CSI ···························································· 42
<그림 Ⅲ-4> 타 지역과의 현재생활형편 CSI 비교 ······································ 43
<그림 Ⅲ-5> 부산의 개인신용카드 결제액(전자상거래/통신판매 제외) 추이····· 44
<그림 Ⅲ-6> 타 지역과의 개인신용카드 결제액 전년동기증가율 비교 ···· 46
<그림 Ⅲ-7> 전자상거래/통신판매액 지역별 분포(가맹점소재지 기준) ······ 47
<그림 Ⅲ-8> 전국 개인신용카드결제액 규모와 추이 ··································· 48
<그림 Ⅲ-9> 전국 개인신용카드결제의 전자상거래 비중 ··························· 49
<그림 Ⅲ-10> 국내 인터넷・모바일쇼핑 거래액 추이 ································ 49
<그림 Ⅲ-11> 부산 비제조업 기업경기실사지수(업황) ································ 50
<그림 Ⅲ-12> 비제조업 기업경기실사지수 전국과의 비교 ························· 51
<그림 Ⅲ-13> 광역・특별시 주요상권 1층 임대료 분포(2019 2/4분기) ······ 52
<그림 Ⅲ-14> 부산 집합상가1층 임대료 추이 ··········································· 53
<그림 Ⅲ-15> 부산 집합상가1층 임대료 비교 ············································· 54
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 업종별 사업자등록증 미보유 비중 ·········································· 60
<그림 Ⅳ-2> 현점포 개업기간 빈도수 ··························································· 61
<그림 Ⅳ-3> 업종별 현점포 개업기간 분포 ·················································· 62
<그림 Ⅳ-4> 점포의 자가소유건물 비중 ······················································· 64
<그림 Ⅳ-5> 본인건물 여부에 따른 점포개업기간 비교 ····························· 64
<그림 Ⅳ-6> 점포개업기간과 평균월세 ························································· 66
<그림 Ⅳ-7> 종사자구성에 따른 자영업 형태 ·············································· 67
<그림 Ⅳ-8> 자영업 점포당 평균 종사자수 ·················································· 68
<그림 Ⅳ-9> 자영업주의 연령 분포 ······························································· 70
<그림 Ⅳ-10> 자영업주의 부동산(땅 또는 건물) 소유 여부 ······················ 71
<그림 Ⅳ-11> 부동산 소유 여부에 따른 자영업주 연령 분포 ··················· 72
<그림 Ⅳ-12> 자영업주의 국민연금 납부 비율 ············································ 73
<그림 Ⅳ-13> 자영업을 최초 시작한 나이 ··················································· 74
<그림 Ⅳ-14> 자영업을 시작하게 된 가장 중요한 이유 ····························· 76
<그림 Ⅳ-15> 자영업을 영위하고 싶은 최대 나이 ······································ 77
<그림 Ⅳ-16> 자영업자의 일평균 노동시간 ················································· 78
<그림 Ⅳ-17> 자영업자의 주간 노동시간 ····················································· 79
<그림 Ⅳ-18> 자영업자의 주간 노동시간 분포 ············································ 80
<그림 Ⅳ-19> 자영업주의 육체노동 강도 ····················································· 82
<그림 Ⅳ-20> 자영업주의 정신노동강도(스트레스, 긴장) ··························· 83
<그림 Ⅳ-21> 업무로 인한 상해/질병 불안 ················································· 84
<그림 Ⅳ-22> 고객, 거래처로부터의 스트레스 경험(최근 1년) ················· 85
<그림 Ⅳ-23> 가족・친구와 함께 하는 시간 ················································ 87
<그림 Ⅳ-24> 1년 내 다녀온 가장 먼 여행지 ············································· 88
<그림 Ⅳ-25> 자영업주로서의 삶 만족 여부 ················································ 59
<그림 Ⅳ-26> 삶 만족 여부에 따른 연령대 분포 비교 ······························ 92
<그림 Ⅳ-27> 삶 만족 여부에 따른 자영업 시작 이유 비교 ····················· 93
<그림 Ⅳ-28> 삶 만족 여부에 따른 언어폭력 경험 비교 ··························· 94
<그림 Ⅳ-29> 삶 만족 여부에 따른 주간 노동시간 비교 ··························· 94
<그림 Ⅳ-30> 삶 만족 여부에 따른 가족/친구 시간 비교 ························· 95
<그림 Ⅳ-31> 삶 만족 여부에 따른 최근 1년 여행 경험 비교 ················· 95
<그림 Ⅳ-32> 삶 만족 여부에 따른 평균월세 비교 ···································· 96
<그림 Ⅳ-33> 삶 만족 여부에 따른 경기에 따른 월 소득 비교 ··············· 96
<그림 Ⅳ-34> 부산 자영업의 미래에 대한 인식 비교 ································ 97
<그림 Ⅳ-35> 현 점포를 폐업할 경우의 선택 ··········································· 103
<그림 Ⅳ-36> 연령대별 점포 폐업 시 은퇴하겠다는 응답비중 ··············· 104
<그림 Ⅳ-37> 자영업자 공적지원제도 가입 비율 ······································ 106
<그림 Ⅳ-38> 월 소득(경기)이 가장 많은 해와 적은 해 ·························· 109
<그림 Ⅳ-39> 경기상황에 따른 평균 월 소득 비교 ·································· 111
<그림 Ⅳ-40> 경기상황에 따른 자영업자의 월 소득 분포(상)와 누적분포(하) ··· 112
<그림 Ⅳ-41> 소득그룹에 따른 연령대 분포 비교 ···································· 115
<그림 Ⅳ-42> 소득그룹에 따른 종사자구성 비교 ······································ 116
<그림 Ⅳ-43> 소득그룹에 따른 자영업 시작 이유 비교 ·························· 117
<그림 Ⅳ-44> 소득그룹에 따른 현 점포 개업기간 비교 ·························· 118
<그림 Ⅳ-45> 소득그룹에 따른 주간 노동 시간 비교 (시간) ·················· 118
<그림 Ⅳ-46> 소득그룹에 따른 가족/친구와의 시간 비교 ······················ 119
<그림 Ⅳ-47> 소득그룹에 따른 최근 1년 여행 경험 비교 ······················ 119
<그림 Ⅳ-48> 연령그룹, 경기상황에 따른 평균월소득 비교 ···················· 121
<그림 Ⅳ-49> 연령그룹별 월 소득 가장 많은 해의 소득분포(상)와 누적분포(하) ··· 122
<그림 Ⅳ-50> 연령그룹별 월 소득 가장 적은 해의 소득분포(상)와 누적분포(하) ··· 123
<그림 Ⅳ-51> 부산 자영업자의 미래 ··························································· 126
<그림 Ⅳ-52> 부산 자영업자의 미래 - 소득 그룹별 비교 ······················ 127
<그림 Ⅳ-53> 부산 자영업이 어려운 이유에 대한 동의 비율 ················· 129
<그림 Ⅳ-54> 부산 자영업이 어려운 이유 – 점포과밀 ···························· 131
<그림 Ⅳ-55> 부산 자영업이 어려운 이유 - 지역/점포 쏠림 ················ 131
<그림 Ⅳ-56> 부산 자영업이 어려운 이유 - 대형자본 ···························· 132
<그림 Ⅳ-57> 부산 자영업이 어려운 이유 - 지역자금 유출 ··················· 133
<그림 Ⅴ-1> 자영업자의 특성을 나누는 속성 ············································ 138
<그림 Ⅴ-2> 부산의 자영업체수(주요 세 업종)와 총인구 추이 ··············· 139
<그림 Ⅴ-3> 자영업업체수당 부산의 총인구수 추이 ································ 140
<그림 Ⅴ-4> 자영업자와 상용근로자의 소득, 순자산 차이 ······················ 141
<그림 Ⅴ-5> 자영업자로서의 삶에 만족하는 비율 ···································· 143
<그림 Ⅴ-6> 자영업자의 연령대 비중 ························································· 145
<그림 Ⅴ-7> 자영업자 연령대별 불경기시 평균 월 소득 ························· 146
<그림 Ⅴ-8> 자영업 시작 동기에 따른 현재 자영업자 삶에 만족하는 비율···· 147
<그림 Ⅴ-9> 자영업 시작 동기에 따른 불경기시 평균 월 소득 비교 ···· 149
<그림 Ⅴ-10> 연령대별 평균 주간근로시간 ··············································· 150
