제1장 서론 ····························································································· 1
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ·················································································· 1
2. 연구개요 ······································································································· 3
1) 연구범위 및 방법 ·················································································· 3
2) 연구 내용 ······························································································· 3
제2장 부산시 교통현황 ······································································· 5
1. 차량 및 도로현황 ······················································································· 5
1) 차량 현황 ······························································································· 5
2) 도로 및 보도 현황 ················································································ 6
2. 녹색교통 현황 ························································································· 10
1) 자전거 현황 ························································································· 10
2) 친환경 차량 현황 ··············································································· 13
3. 교통수요관리 현황 ··················································································· 15
4. 교통환경 ···································································································· 16
1) 부산시 대기오염 현황 ········································································ 16
2) 분야별 대기오염 배출량 ···································································· 19
3) 도로오염원별 대기오염물질 배출량 ················································· 19
4) 차종별 온실가스 배출량 ···································································· 20
5) 자동차 배출가스 5등급 차량 ···························································· 21
5. 통행량･통행속도와 교통혼잡비용 ··························································· 23
1) 통행량 ·································································································· 23
2) 통행속도 ······························································································· 24
3) 교통혼잡비용 ······················································································· 25
제3장 녹색교통진흥지역 개요 및 사례분석 ·································· 27
1. 녹색교통진흥지역 관련 법령 ·································································· 27
2. 녹색교통진흥지역 정책 관련 사례분석 ················································· 29
1) 프랑스 ·································································································· 29
2) 영국 ······································································································ 33
3) 독일 ······································································································ 37
4) 일본 ······································································································ 39
5) 국내 ······································································································ 43
제4장 녹색교통진흥지역 도입방안 관련 설문분석 ······················ 53
1. 설문조사 분석 ··························································································· 53
1) 전문가 설문조사 ················································································· 53
2) 시민 설문조사 ····················································································· 64
3) 시사점 ·································································································· 69
2. 녹색교통진흥지역 추진 정책분석 ··························································· 70
1) 녹색교통진흥지역 필수정책 분석 ····················································· 71
2) 녹색교통진흥지역의 교통수요관리 정책 분석 ································ 81
3) 시사점 ·································································································· 91
제5장 녹색교통진흥지역 도입 방안 ··············································· 94
1. 대상 지역별 녹색교통진흥지역 여건 검토 ············································ 94
1) 교통행태 ······························································································· 94
2) 지역별 녹색교통 진흥지역 정책 분석 ············································· 95
3) 혼잡통행료 징수 ··············································································· 107
4) 대기오염물질 감축 ··········································································· 108
5) 교통 인프라 여건 ············································································· 112
6) 종합적 검토 ······················································································· 114
2. 녹색교통진흥지역 도입 방안 ································································ 116
1) 특별대책지역 관련 법령 개정 건의 ··············································· 116
2) 부산시 녹색교통진흥지역 특별대책 수립 ······································ 119
3) 녹색교통진흥지역 관련 홍보 강화 ················································· 121
4) 녹색교통진흥지역 추진 및 혼잡통행료 징수에 대한 시민합의 도출
··········································································································· 124
5) 효율적인 차량관리시스템 구축 ······················································· 128
6) 녹색교통지원 인프라 확충 ······························································ 134
7) 교통수요관리 강화 ··········································································· 138
제6장 결론 및 정책제언 ································································· 140
1. 결론 ·········································································································· 140
2. 정책 제언 ································································································ 141
1) 관련 법령 개정을 위한 (광역)지자체 연계 필요 ·························· 141
2) 녹색교통진흥지역 준비를 위한 단기시책 시행 ···························· 142
3) 녹색교통 관련 교육 실시 ································································ 142
4) 녹색교통진흥지역의 부산형 정책 추진 필요 ······························ 143
5) 교통정책 평가시스템 및 지속적인 교통DB 구축 ······················· 143
참고문헌 ····························································································· 145
부록 ····································································································· 151
<표 Ⅱ-1> 자동차 등록대수 추이(2007~2019년) ··········································· 5
<표 Ⅱ-2> 도로구성 및 연장 추이(2007~2018년) ········································· 6
<표 Ⅱ-3> 부산시 보도현황(2017년) ······························································· 7
<표 Ⅱ-4> 부산시 보행환경 개선지구 현황 ···················································· 8
<표 Ⅱ-5> 부산시 보행환경 우선도로 현황 ···················································· 8
<표 Ⅱ-6> 부산시 자전거도로 현황(2018년) ················································ 10
<표 Ⅱ-7> 부산시 자전거보관대 설치현황(2017년) ····································· 10
<표 Ⅱ-8> 부산시 자전거 안전시설 설치현황(2017년) ······························· 11
<표 Ⅱ-9> 해운대 공공자전거 연계 교통수단 ·············································· 13
<표 Ⅱ-10> 지자체별 친환경차량 현황(2019년) ·········································· 14
<표 Ⅱ-11> 지자체별 승용차요일제 운영 현황 ············································ 15
<표 Ⅱ-12> 분야별 대기오염물질 배출량(2016년) ······································ 19
<표 Ⅱ-13> 부산시 도로오염원별 대기오염물질 배출량(2016년) ·············· 20
<표 Ⅱ-14> 도로부문 차종별 온실가스 배출량(2013~2016년) ·················· 21
<표 Ⅱ-15> 국내 차량등급별 현황(2019년 6월) ·········································· 22
<표 Ⅱ-16> 국내 차량등급별 연료별 현황(2019년 6월) ····························· 22
<표 Ⅱ-17> 부산시 차량등급별 현황(2019년 6월) ······································ 23
<표 Ⅱ-18> 부산시 승객 통행량 추이(2007~2019년) ································· 24
<표 Ⅱ-19> 통행속도 변화 추이 ···································································· 25
<표 Ⅱ-20> 교통혼잡비용 추이(2014~2016년) ············································· 26
<표 Ⅲ-1> 녹색교통 특별대책지역 관련 법령 내용 ···································· 28
<표 Ⅲ-2> 히로시마시 교통정책 ····································································· 39
<표 Ⅲ-3> 고베시 환경미래도시구상 교통부문 ············································ 41
<표 Ⅲ-4> 제3차 시즈오카시 종합계획 교통부문 ········································ 42
<표 Ⅲ-5> 김해시 녹색교통진흥지역 시범도시 사업 예산 ························· 50
<표 Ⅳ-1> 현재 도심･부도심의 교통혼잡 수준과 녹색교통진흥지역 지정 의견
(전문가) ···························································································· 54
<표 Ⅳ-2> 현재 녹색교통진흥지역 지정 적정지역(전문가) ························· 55
<표 Ⅳ-3> 녹색교통진흥지역 필수시책의 교통혼잡 완화효과와 시책 시행
(전문가) ··························································································· 55
<표 Ⅳ-4> 혼잡통행료 도입 시, 적절한 요금 징수방식(전문가) ················ 56
<표 Ⅳ-5> 녹색교통진흥지역의 교통량 감축 프로그램의 교통혼잡 완화효과
(전문가) ··························································································· 57
<표 Ⅳ-6> 친환경교통을 활성화를 위한 교통정보 서비스(전문가) ··········· 57
<표 Ⅳ-7> 대중교통수단 우선통행조치를 위한 정책(전문가) ····················· 57
<표 Ⅳ-8> 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리 시책별 교통혼잡 완화효과와 시책
시행 찬반 정도(전문가) ································································· 58
<표 Ⅳ-9> 향후 도심･부도심의 교통혼잡 수준과 녹색교통진흥지역 지정 의견
(전문가) ···························································································· 59
<표 Ⅳ-10> 향후 녹색교통진흥지역 지정 적정지역(전문가) ······················· 59
<표 Ⅳ-11> 향후 녹색교통진흥지역 필수시책의 교통혼잡 완화효과와 시행
(전문가) ························································································· 61
<표 Ⅳ-12> 향후 혼잡통행료 도입 시, 적절한 요금 징수방식(전문가) ···· 61
<표 Ⅳ-13> 향후 녹색교통진흥지역의 교통량 감축 프로그램의 교통혼잡 완화
효과(전문가) ·················································································· 62
<표 Ⅳ-14> 향후 친환경교통을 활성화를 위한 교통정보 서비스(전문가) 62
<표 Ⅳ-15> 향후 대중교통수단 우선통행조치를 위한 정책(전문가) ········· 63
<표 Ⅳ-16> 향후 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리 시책별 교통혼잡 완화 효과
와 시책 시행(전문가) ··································································· 64
<표 Ⅳ-17> 응답자 인적사항(시민) ································································ 65
<표 Ⅳ-18> 차량 소유 형태(시민) ·································································· 65
<표 Ⅳ-19> 차량 연료(시민) ··········································································· 66
<표 Ⅳ-20> 차량 교체 시기(시민) ·································································· 66
<표 Ⅳ-21> 주 이용 교통수단(시민) ······························································ 66
<표 Ⅳ-22> 차량 운행횟수(1주일간)(시민) ···················································· 67
<표 Ⅳ-23> 차량 운행 주요 목적(시민) ························································ 67
<표 Ⅳ-24> 교통혼잡 수준(시민) ···································································· 67
<표 Ⅳ-25> 도심 등 교통혼잡지역 통행횟수(시민) ······································ 68
<표 Ⅳ-26> 도심 등 교통혼잡지역 통행수단(시민) ······································ 68
<표 Ⅳ-27> 녹색교통진흥지역에 대한 인지(시민) ········································ 69
<표 Ⅳ-28> 녹색교통진흥지역 필수정책 속성과 수준 ································ 72
<표 Ⅳ-29> 녹색교통진흥지역 필수정책 프로파일 설명 ····························· 74
<표 Ⅳ-30> 녹색교통진흥지역 필수정책 속성과 수준별 가치평가 ············ 76
<표 Ⅳ-31> 녹색교통진흥지역 필수정책 카드별 선호도(효용) 및 순위 ···· 78
<표 Ⅳ-32> 녹색교통진흥지역 필수정책의 부분효용 변화치와 중요도 ···· 80
<표 Ⅳ-33> 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리정책책 속성과 수준 ·············· 82
<표 Ⅳ-34> 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리정책 프로파일 설명 ·············· 83
<표 Ⅳ-35> 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리정책 속성과 수준별 가치평가
······································································································ 85
<표 Ⅳ-36> 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리정책 카드별 선호도(효용) 및 순위
······································································································· 87
<표 Ⅳ-37> 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리정책의 부분효용 변화치와 중요도
······································································································· 91
<표 Ⅴ-1> 지역별 통행수단별 통행량 추정(시민) ········································ 95
<표 Ⅴ-2> K-평균 군집에 의한 군집분류 ····················································· 96
<표 Ⅴ-3> 군집별 녹색교통진흥지역 필수정책 속성과 수준별 가치평가 · 99
<표 Ⅴ-4> 군집별 녹색교통진흥지역 필수정책 카드별 선호도(효용) 및 순위
······································································································ 100
<표 Ⅴ-5> 군집별 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리정책 속성과 수준별 가치평가
······································································································· 104
<표 Ⅴ-6> 군집별 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리정책 카드별 선호도(효용)
및 순위 ························································································· 105
<표 Ⅴ-7> 지역별 교차로 평균제어 지체시간 ············································ 108
<표 Ⅴ-8> 지역별 차량 운행감소에 따른 대기오염물질 배출량 비교 ···· 111
<표 Ⅴ-9> 지역별 교통인프라 현황 ····························································· 113
<표 Ⅴ-10> 녹색교통진흥지역 지역별 종합 검토 ······································ 114
<표 Ⅴ-11> 녹색교통진흥 준비지역 대안 ··················································· 117
<표 Ⅴ-12> 녹색교통진흥 준비지역 관련 법령개정(안) ···························· 118
<표 Ⅴ-13> 부산시 녹색교통진흥지역 특별대책 내용 구성(안) ··············· 120
<표 Ⅴ-14> 교통부문 브랜드 및 네이밍 추진 사례 ·································· 123
<표 Ⅴ-15> 혼잡통행료 징수관련 법령 ······················································· 124
<표 Ⅴ-16> 교통혼잡통행료제 도입에 대한 의견 ······································ 125
<표 Ⅴ-17> 민선6기 대중교통중심도시 부산 구현 주요 정책(2015~2016년)
···································································································· 126
<표 Ⅴ-18> 민선7기 대중교통 혁신계획 ····················································· 127
<표 Ⅴ-19> 부산형 녹색교통진흥지역 지원시스템 추진전략 및 소요예산
···································································································· 130
<표 Ⅴ-20> 유료도로 원톨링시스템 단계별 추진전략 및 소요예산 ········ 132
<표 Ⅴ-21> 스마트 주차장의 주요 내용 ····················································· 133
<표 Ⅴ-22> 교통혼잡 특별관리시설물 지정 요건(도시교통정비촉진법) ·· 138
<표 Ⅴ-23> 자치구 및 기업체의 교통수요관리 계획 주요 내용 ············· 139
<그림 Ⅰ-1> 연구 흐름도 ·················································································· 4
<그림 Ⅱ-1> 부산시민 보행권리장전 전경 ······················································ 9
<그림 Ⅱ-2> 부산시 자전거도로 현황도 ······················································· 11
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 해운대 공공자전거 회원가입 현황 ·········································· 12
<그림 Ⅱ-4> 해운대 공공자전거 대여 현황 ·················································· 13
<그림 Ⅱ-5> 부산시 대기오염 추이(2001~2020.4.) ····································· 16
<그림 Ⅱ-6> 부산시 대기오염 물질별 공간분포(2019년) ··························· 17
<그림 Ⅱ-7> 부산시 미세먼지 주요 배출원별 추이(2007~2016년) ··········· 18
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 그랜드 파리 ZFE ······································································· 31
<그림 Ⅲ-2> Plan Vélo의 진행상황(2019.12.2.) ········································ 32
<그림 Ⅲ-3> Congestion Charge Zone 도로 표지판 ······························· 33
<그림 Ⅲ-4> ULEZ 구역도 ············································································· 35
<그림 Ⅲ-5> TfL의 전략적 자전거운행 분석에 따른 상위 25위 자전거도로 연
결 잠재력 ····················································································· 36
<그림 Ⅲ-6> 독일 Umweltzonen 통과를 위한 차량 스티커 ····················· 37
<그림 Ⅲ-7> 독일 Umweltzonen 현황 ························································· 38
<그림 Ⅲ-8> 노면전차 LRT화 사례(히로시마시) ·········································· 40
<그림 Ⅲ-9> 버스주행 환경 개선 사례(히로시마시) ···································· 40
<그림 Ⅲ-10> 자전거 주행 네트워크 확충 및 고령자 통행지원 사례(히로시마시)
··································································································· 40
<그림 Ⅲ-11> 서울시 녹색교통진흥지역 ····················································· 43
<그림 Ⅲ-12> 서울시 녹색교통진흥지역 분야별 핵심과제 ························· 45
<그림 Ⅲ-13> 한양도성 녹색교통진흥지역 운행제한 시행 안내표식 ········ 46
<그림 Ⅲ-14> 서울시 남산 1･3호 터널 혼잡통행료 징수지역 ··················· 48
<그림 Ⅲ-15> 신촌 연세로 대중교통전용지구 전경 ···································· 49
<그림 Ⅲ-16> 대구 중앙로 대중교통전용지구 전경 ···································· 52
<그림 Ⅲ-17> 동천로 대중교통전용지구 전경 ·············································· 52
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 현재 녹색교통진흥지역 지정 지역(전문가) ···························· 54
<그림 Ⅳ-2> 향후 녹색교통진흥지역 지정 지역(전문가) ···························· 60
<그림 Ⅳ-3> 녹색교통진흥지역 필수정책 수준별 부분효용 값 ·················· 77
<그림 Ⅳ-4> 녹색교통진흥지역 교통수요관리정책 수준별 부분효용 값 ··· 89
<그림 Ⅴ-1> 지역별 혼잡통행료 요금수준별 대중교통 전환율 ················ 107
<그림 Ⅴ-2> 지역별 대기오염물질 농도 비교를 위한 범위 ····················· 108
<그림 Ⅴ-3> 지역별 대기오염물질 농도 비교(2015~2019년) ·················· 109
<그림 Ⅴ-4> 지역별 일평균 차량대수 및 연식별 운행대수 ····················· 110
<그림 Ⅴ-5> 지역별 자동차 운행에 따른 대기오염 배출량 ····················· 110
<그림 Ⅴ-6> 지역별 자동차 운행 감소율에 따른 대기오염물질(CO, VOCs,
NOx, PM10, PM2.5)의 배출량 감소 추이 ·························· 112
<그림 Ⅴ-7> 부산형 녹색교통진흥지역 관리시스템 구축 개념도 ············ 129
<그림 Ⅴ-8> 부산형 녹색교통진흥지역 관리시스템 구성 체계 ················ 129
<그림 Ⅴ-9> 유료도로 원톨링시스템 구축 방안 ········································ 131
<그림 Ⅴ-10> 유료도로 원톨링시스템 구성 체계 ······································ 131
<그림 Ⅴ-11> 스마트 공영주차장 시스템 구성도 ······································ 133
<그림 Ⅴ-12> 부산시 부산진구 주거지 IoT 공유주차 서비스 ················· 137
