제1장 연구개요 ·········································································································· 1
1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ····················································································· 1
1) 연구의 필요성 ····························································································· 1
2) 연구의 목적과 기대효과 ·············································································· 2
2. 선행연구 ··········································································································· 2
3. 연구범위 및 연구방법 ······················································································· 3
1) 연구범위 ······································································································ 3
2) 연구방법 ······································································································ 3
4. 연구의 주요내용 ······························································································· 3
제2장 국내 산학협력여건 및 현황분석 ······································································· 5
1. 산학협력의 모형과 개념 ··················································································· 5
1) 혁신생태계와 혁신성장 ················································································ 5
2) 삼중나선 모형(Triple Helix Model) ························································ 10
3) 산학협력 ···································································································· 15
2. 정부의 산학협력 정책 변화 ············································································ 16
1) 법률 및 제도 ···························································································· 16
2) 산학협력 정책 ··························································································· 17
3. 우리나라 대학의 산학협력 활동 ····································································· 27
1) 산학협력 운영 및 인프라 ·········································································· 27
2) 산학협력 교육 ··························································································· 33
3) 지식재산권 및 기술사업화 현황 ································································ 39
4) 창업교육 및 지원 ······················································································ 40
4. 빅데이터 분석 ································································································· 47
1) 개요 ·········································································································· 47
2) 산학협력 ···································································································· 48
3) 공동연구 ···································································································· 50
4) 현장실습 ···································································································· 51
5) 대학 창업 ·································································································· 51
제3장 부산광역시 산학협력 현황 및 실태분석 ························································· 54
1. 부산광역시 산학협력 현황 ·············································································· 54
1) 부산지역 산학협력 운영 및 인프라 ·························································· 54
2) 부산지역 산학협력 교육 ············································································ 59
3) 부산 지식재산권 및 기술사업화 현황 ······················································· 66
4) 부산 창업교육 및 지원 ············································································· 68
2. 부산광역시 산학협력 실태 ·············································································· 77
1) 개요 ·········································································································· 77
2) 부산광역시 산학협력 현황 진단 ································································ 77
3) 부산광역시 산학협력 분야별 진단 ···························································· 81
4) 부산광역시 산학협력 고도화 방안 ···························································· 91
제4장 해외 대학의 산학협력 사례 ··········································································· 99
1. 개요 ················································································································ 99
2. 영국 옥스퍼드대학교 ······················································································ 99
3. 미국 신시내티대학교 ···················································································· 104
4. 캐나다 워털루대학교 ···················································································· 106
5. 일본 오사카대학교 ························································································ 108
6. 독일 아헨공과대학교 ···················································································· 111
7. 프랑스 코트다쥐르(Côte d'Azur) 연합대학교 ·············································· 114
8. 싱가포르 난양공과대학교 ·············································································· 115
9. 시사점 ·········································································································· 117
제5장 산학협력 고도화 전략 및 과제 ···································································· 120
1. SWOT분석 및 전략 도출 ············································································ 120
1) 부산광역시 산학협력 SWOT 분석 ························································· 120
2) 부산광역시 산학협력 고도화 전략 도출 ·················································· 126
2. 부산광역시 산학협력 고도화 기본방향 ························································· 128
1) 융합형 지역혁신생태계 ··········································································· 128
2) 균형적 삼중나선 모형(Balanced Triple Helix Model) ························ 129
3) 중개기능 플랫폼 ····················································································· 129
3. 부산광역시 산학협력 고도화 비전 및 전략 ·················································· 130
1) 부산광역시 산학협력 고도화 비전 ·························································· 130
2) 부산광역시 산학협력 고도화 전략 ·························································· 131
4. 부산광역시 산학협력 고도화 전략별 과제 ···················································· 133
1) 거점화(Hub of Cooperation) 전략 ······················································· 133
2) 인재화(Human Resources) 전략 ························································· 140
3) 조직화(Organization) 전략 ···································································· 145
4) 기술화(Technology) 전략 ······································································ 150
5) 연계화(Link) 전략 ··················································································· 154
참고문헌 ················································································································· 158
부록 ························································································································ 162
<표 2-1> 삼중나선모형의 기능영역 ··············································································· 13
<표 2-2> 지역혁신에 있어서 대학의 역할 ····································································· 14
<표 2-3> 정부 산학협력 정책모델의 변화 ····································································· 18
<표 2-4> 대학의 산학협력 관련 예산 현황 ··································································· 26
<표 4-1> 해외 대학의 산학협력 사례 ········································································· 118
<표 5-1> 42 SEOUL의 교육 콘텐츠 구성 ································································· 142
<표 5-2> 부산공동대학혁신센터 주요 사업내용 ·························································· 148
<그림 2-1> 혁신생태계의 기본 모형 ··············································································· 6
<그림 2-2> 스마트 지역혁신생태계 구축의 기본방향 ······················································ 8
<그림 2-3> 부산지역 혁신성장 모형 ··············································································· 9
<그림 2-4> 삼중나선 모형 ····························································································· 10
<그림 2-5> 삼중나선 모형의 종류 ················································································· 11
<그림 2-6> 삼중나선 매트릭스 ······················································································ 12
<그림 2-7> 노무현 정부의 산학협력중심대학육성사업의 비전과 전략 ··························· 19
<그림 2-8> 이명박 정부의 산학연 협력 선진화 방안 ··················································· 21
<그림 2-9> 박근혜 정부의 산학협력 활성화 비전과 전략 ············································· 23
<그림 2-10> 문재인 정부의 산학연협력 활성화 비전 및 전략 ····································· 25
<그림 2-11> 전국 산학협력단 수 추이(2015~2019) ···················································· 28
<그림 2-12> 전국 산학협력단 고용주체별 직원 수 추이(2015~2019) ························ 28
<그림 2-13> 전국 산학협력단 근속연수별 직원 수(2015~2019) ································· 29
<그림 2-14> 전국 산학협력단 담당업무별 직원 수 추이(2015~2019) ························ 30
<그림 2-15> 전국 산학협력단 운영수익 추이(2015~2019) ·········································· 31
<그림 2-16> 전국 산학협력단의 교육운영 수익(上) 및 연구수익(下) 추이(2015~2019) ··· 31
<그림 2-17> 5년 이내 채용된 전임교원의 산업체 경력 추이(2015~2019) ················· 32
<그림 2-18> 전국 대학의 유형별 산학협력중점교수 추이(2015~2019) ······················· 33
<그림 2-19> 현장실습 이수학생 수(左)와 참여기업 수(右) 추이(2015~2019) ············· 34
<그림 2-20> 이수학생 수 기간별 비율(左) 및 지원금 수령학생 비율(右) ···················· 34
<그림 2-21> 캡스톤디자인 운영대학 수(左) 및 이수학생 수(右) 추이(2015~2019) ···· 35
<그림 2-22> 캡스톤디자인 지원금액 추이(2015~2019) ··············································· 36
<그림 2-23> 전국 대학의 학교기업 수 추이(2015~2019) ··········································· 36
<그림 2-24> 전국 대학의 학교기업 전담인력 추이(2015~2019) ································· 37
<그림 2-25> 전국 대학의 학교기업 현장실습 학생 수 추이(2015~2019) ··················· 38
<그림 2-26> 전국 대학의 학교기업 매출액 추이(2015~2019) ···································· 38
<그림 2-27> 전국 대학의 국내 특허 출원 및 등록 추이(2015~2019) ························ 39
<그림 2-28> 전국 대학의 해외 특허 출원 및 등록 추이(2015~2019) ························ 39
<그림 2-29> 전국 대학의 연도별 기술이전·사업화 실적 추이(2015~2019) ················ 40
<그림 2-30> 전국 대학의 창업 개설강좌 수 추이(2015~2019) ··································· 41
<그림 2-31> 전국 대학의 창업강좌 이수학생 수 추이(2015~2019) ···························· 41
<그림 2-32> 전국 대학의 창업동아리 수(左) 및 참여학생 수(右) 추이(2015~2019) ·· 42
<그림 2-33> 전국 대학의 창업경진대회 수(左) 및 참여학생 수(右) 추이(2015~2019) · 43
<그림 2-34> 전국 대학의 창업캠프 수(左) 및 참여학생 수(右) 추이(2015~2019) ······ 44
<그림 2-35> 전국 대학의 학생 창업기업 수 추이(2015~2019) ··································· 44
<그림 2-36> 전국 대학의 학생 창업기업 매출액 추이(2015~2019) ···························· 45
<그림 2-37> 전국 대학의 교원 창업기업 수 추이(2015~2019) ··································· 46
<그림 2-38> 전국 대학의 교원 창업기업 매출액 추이(2015~2019) ···························· 46
<그림 2-39> 산학협력 관련 키워드 연도별 횟수 추이 ··············································· 47
<그림 2-40> ‘산학협력’의 관계도 분석 ········································································· 48
<그림 2-41> 3단계 산학연 협력 선도대학 비전 및 추진전략 ····································· 49
<그림 2-42> ‘공동연구’의 연 관어 분석 ······································································· 50
<그림 2-43> ‘현장실습’의 연 관어 분석 ······································································· 51
<그림 2-44> ‘대학 창업’의 연 관어 분석 ····································································· 52
<그림 2-45> 창업중심대학(가칭)의 역할 ······································································· 53
<그림 3-1> 부산지역 산학협력단 수 추이(2015~2019) ··············································· 54
<그림 3-2> 부산지역 산학협력단 고용주체별 직원 수 추이(2015~2019) ···················· 55
<그림 3-3> 부산지역 산학협력단 근속연수별 직원 수 추이(2015~2019) ···················· 56
<그림 3-4> 부산지역 산학협력단 담당업무별 직원 수 추이(2015~2019) ···················· 57
<그림 3-5> 부산지역 산학협력단 운영수익 추이(2015~2019) ····································· 57
<그림 3-6> 5년 이내 채용된 전임교원의 산업체 경력 추이(2015~2019) ··················· 58
<그림 3-7> 유형별 산학협력중점교수 추이(2015~2019) ·············································· 59
<그림 3-8> 부산지역 현장실습 이수학생 수(左)와 참여기업 수(右) 추이(2015~2019) ·· 60
<그림 3-9> 2019년 이수학생 기간별 비율(左) 및 기간별 지원금 수령학생 비율(右) ·· 61
<그림 3-10> 부산지역 캡스톤디자인 운영대학 수(左) 및 이수학생(右) 추이(2015~2019) ·· 62
<그림 3-11> 부산지역 캡스톤디자인 지원금액 ······························································ 63
<그림 3-12> 부산지역 학교기업 수(左) 및 전담인력(右) 추이(2015~2019) ················ 64
<그림 3-13> 부산지역 학교기업 학점인정 현장실습 학생(2015~2019) ······················· 65
<그림 3-14> 부산지역 학교기업 매출액(2015~2019) ·················································· 66
<그림 3-15> 부산지역 대학의 국내 특허 출원 및 등록 추이(2015~2019) ················· 66
<그림 3-16> 부산지역 대학의 해외 특허 출원 및 등록 추이(2015~2019) ················· 67
<그림 3-17> 부산지역 대학의 연도별 기술이전·사업화 실적 추이(2015~2019) ········· 68
<그림 3-18> 부산지역 대학의 창업 개설강좌 수 추이(2015~2019) ···························· 69
<그림 3-19> 부산지역 대학의 창업강좌 이수학생 수 추이(2015~2019) ····················· 70
<그림 3-20> 부산지역 대학의 창업동아리 수(左) 및 참여학생 수(右) 추이(2015~2019) ···· 71
<그림 3-21> 부산지역 창업경진대회 개최 수(左) 및 참여학생 수(右) 추이(2016~2019) ···· 72
<그림 3-22> 부산지역 대학의 창업캠프 개최 수(左) 및 참여학생 수(右) 추이(2016~2019) · 73
<그림 3-23> 부산지역 대학의 학생 창업기업 수 추이(2015~2019) ···························· 74
<그림 3-24> 부산지역 대학의 학생 창업기업 매출액 추이(2015~2019) ····················· 75
<그림 3-25> 부산지역 대학의 교원 창업기업 수 추이(2015~2019) ···························· 76
<그림 3-26> 부산지역 대학의 교원 창업기업 매출액 추이(2015~2019) ····················· 76
<그림 3-27> 업체의 경쟁력 평가(10점 만점)(左)와 경쟁력 결정요인(1·2순위)(右) ······ 78
<그림 3-28> 업체의 기능 수행 방법 ············································································· 79
<그림 3-29> 산학협력 중요도 ······················································································· 79
<그림 3-30> 산학협력 활성화 수준 ··············································································· 80
<그림 3-31> 업체의 IPA 분석(左)과 대학 및 공공기관의 IPA 분석(右) ······················ 81
<그림 3-32> 업체의 연구개발 성공 조건 1순위(左)와 1·2순위(右) ······························ 82
<그림 3-33> 산학협력 연구개발의 중요한 동기 1순위(左)와 1·2순위(右) ···················· 83
<그림 3-34> 산학협력 연구개발의 애로요인 1순위(左)와 1·2순위(右) ························· 85
<그림 3-35> 대학 및 공공기관의 산학협력 연구의 개선사항(左)과 업체의 개선사항(右) ··· 86
<그림 3-36> 대학의 기술사업화 애로사항 1순위(左)와 1·2순위(右) ···························· 87
<그림 3-37> 산학협력 인력양성 필요성(左)과 현장실습 목적(右) ································· 88
<그림 4-38> 현장실습에 대한 만족도 ··········································································· 89
<그림 3-39> 창업의 산학협력지원사업 필요 정도(左)와 창업 도움 정도(右) ················ 91
<그림 3-40> 혁신생태계에서 중요한 주체(左)와 활성화되어야 할 기능(右) ·················· 92
<그림 3-41> 지역혁신에 도움 되는 산학활동 1순위(左)와 1·2순위(右) ······················· 93
<그림 3-42> 산학협력의 중요한 목적에 대한 1순위(左)와 1·2순위(右) ······················· 94
<그림 3-43> 산학협력의 중요한 성과 ··········································································· 95
<그림 3-44> 산학협력 고도화를 위한 정책적 지원 1순위(左)와 1·2순위(右) ·············· 96
<그림 3-45> 정책과제 상대적 중요도 ········································································· 98
<그림 4-1> 영국의 사이언스파크 추이(1990~2019년) ··············································· 101
<그림 4-2> 옥스퍼드 사이언스파크와 옥스퍼드대학교 ··············································· 102
<그림 4-3> 신시내티대학교의 Co-op 프로그램 운영절차(左) 및 참여 학생 수 추이(右) ·· 106
<그림 4-4> 워털루대학 Co-op교육센터의 참여 수수료 배분(左) 및 Velocity(右) ····· 108
<그림 4-5> 오사카대학교의 Co-Creation Process(左) 및 개방혁신기구의 조직도(右) ··· 111
<그림 4-6> 독일의 산학협력체계(左)와 아헨공대(右) ·················································· 113
<그림 4-7> 소피아 앙티폴리스(左)와 코트다쥐르 연합대학교(右) ································ 115
<그림 4-8> 난양공과대학교의 벌집건물(Hive, 左) 및 연구수입 추이(右) ··················· 117
<그림 5-1> 우리나라 학령인구 추이 ··········································································· 124
<그림 5-2> 부산광역시 산학협력 고도화를 위한 SWOT분석 ····································· 126
<그림 5-3> 부산광역시 산학협력의 비전과 전략 ························································· 130
<그림 5-4> 부산광역시 산학협력 고도화 전략별 정책과제 ········································· 133
<그림 5-5> 센텀 디지털 혁신파크 조성(안) ································································ 135
<그림 5-6> 연구개발특구(첨단복합지구) 위치도 ·························································· 137
<그림 5-7> 부산 산학융합지구 조감도 ········································································ 139
<그림 5-8> 산학연계 현장실습 브릿지 사업의 주체별 역할 ······································· 143
<그림 5-9> 지역혁신플랫폼의 개념 ············································································· 147
<그림 5-10> 동남권 기업협업지원센터의 특화분야(안) ··············································· 150
<그림 5-11> 샌디에고의 커넥트(CONNECT) ····························································· 155
