제1장 서론 ····························································································· 1
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ·················································································· 1
1) 연구배경 ································································································· 1
2) 연구목적 ································································································· 3
2. 연구범위 및 방법 ······················································································· 3
1) 연구범위 ································································································· 3
2) 연구방법 ································································································· 3
3. 연구추진체계 ······························································································· 4
제2장 우리나라 연안관리 제도 ························································· 6
1. 연안의 정의와 범위 ···················································································· 6
2. 연안 이용의 변천 ······················································································· 7
1) 전통적 자연연안 활용 ·········································································· 7
2) 연안 개발 ······························································································· 9
3) 개발의 역습 ······················································································· 10
4) 지속가능한 연안관리 ·········································································· 14
3. 우리나라의 연안관리 제도 ······································································ 15
1) 『연안관리법』과 연안통합관리계획 ··················································· 15
2) 연안 보호 ····························································································· 18
3) 경관관리 ······························································································· 21
4) 재해(재난)/안전 관리 ········································································· 23
4. 연안관리에 대한 국외 사례 ···································································· 26
1) 중국 ······································································································ 26
2) 일본 ······································································································ 28
3) 미국 ······································································································ 28
제3장 부산연안의 현황 ····································································· 30
1. 부산연안의 변천 ······················································································· 30
1) 연안 개발의 시작 ··············································································· 30
2) 연안 개발의 확대 ··············································································· 34
2. 부산연안관리의 현안 ················································································ 42
1) 국가 차원 ····························································································· 42
2) 지역적 연안관리 현안 ········································································ 42
3. 부산연안 현황 ··························································································· 45
1) 일반 현황 ····························································································· 45
2) 도시화 ·································································································· 48
3) 연안의 보호 및 관리 ·········································································· 58
4) 재해 및 안전 ······················································································· 63
제4장 부산연안 실태조사 ································································· 69
1. 부산연안 실태조사 개요 ·········································································· 69
1) 개요 ······································································································ 69
2) 연안 실태조사 항목별 평가 기준 ····················································· 71
2. 연안 유형별 결과 ····················································································· 79
1) 종합 ······································································································ 79
2) 인공연안 ······························································································· 80
3) 자연연안 ······························································································· 91
3. 평가 항목별 결과 ····················································································· 97
1) 건전성 ·································································································· 97
2) 자연성 ·································································································· 98
3) 경관성 ································································································ 100
4) 안전성 ································································································ 102
제5장 종합평가 및 관리방안 ·························································· 106
1. 종합 평가 및 대안 ················································································· 106
1) 상태 ···································································································· 106
2) 압력 ···································································································· 107
3) 현재 대응 ·························································································· 108
4) 대안적 대응 ······················································································· 109
2. 부산연안의 지속가능한 관리 방안 ······················································· 110
1) 부산연안의 공간구상 ········································································ 110
2) 지속가능한 연안관리 방안 ······························································ 113
Abstract ······························································································· 125
참고문헌 ····························································································· 127
부록 ···································································································· 130
<표 2-1> 우리나라의 연안습지 면적 변화(1987~2018) ······························ 11
<표 2-2> 『연안관리법』 개정(2018. 4. 17)의 변경 사항 ··························· 17
<표 2-3> 연안지역의 보호구역 지정 현황 ··················································· 19
<표 2-4> 연안의 경관관리와 관련한 법률 및 관련지침 현황 ··················· 22
<표 2-5> 해안경관 관리 가이드라인에 따른 해안경관 유형구분 ·············· 23
<표 2-6>연안의 재해 및 재난과 관련한 법률 현황 ···································· 24
<표 2-7> 중국 해양기능구의 유형별 성격과 구획 ···································· 27
<표 3-1> 연도별 부산연안의 자연해안과 인공해안 분포 현황 ················· 39
<표 3-2> 부산지역 공유수면 매립 계획 현황(제 1, 2, 3차 공유수면매립
기본계획) ·························································································· 41
<표 3-3> 연안기본조사에 포함된 부산지역 연안관리의 현안 ··················· 43
<표 3-4> 제2차 연안통합관리계획에 포함된 부산연안의 여건 및 현안 ·· 44
<표 3-5> 부산의 해안선 및 도서 현황(2017년) ·········································· 45
<표 3-6> 부산의 비연안지역 읍면동과 연안지역 읍면동 인구밀도 분포와
인구증감률 분포 현황 ····································································· 49
<표 3-7> 부산의 연안지역 읍면동과 비연안지역 읍면동 용도지역 변화 비교
(2007년과 2017년) ········································································· 54
<표 3-8> 부산의 연안지역 읍면동과 비연안지역 읍면동 토지이용 변화 비교
(2010년과 2017년) ········································································· 56
<표 3-9> 부산의 연안지역 보호구역 지정 현황 ·········································· 58
<표 3-10> 부산의 비연안지역 읍면동과 연안지역 읍면동 국토환경성평가
등급 분포 ························································································ 67
<표 3-11> 부산의 자연재해 원인별 피해현황 ············································· 64
<표 3-12> 최근 우리나라에 영향을 미친 주요 태풍현황(1987~2018) ····· 65
<표 3-13> 부산의 주요 연안사고 발생원인 ················································· 66
<표 3-14> 우리나라 비선박사고 발생현황(2018) ········································ 67
<표 3-15> 부산연안의 사고원인별 연안안전사고(사망·실종) 발생현황 ···· 68
<표 4-1> 권역별, 연안유형별 연안실태 조사지점 수 ································· 70
<표 4-2> 건전성에 대한 조사항목 및 내용, 등급 ······································· 71
<표 4-3> 자연성에 대한 조사항목 및 내용, 등급 ······································· 72
<표 4-4> 경관성에 대한 조사항목 및 내용, 등급 ······································· 73
<표 4-5> 침식에 대한 조사항목 및 내용, 수준 ·········································· 74
<표 4-6> 침식에 대한 위해, 노출, 저감별 수준에 따른 등급 ··················· 74
<표 4-7> 태풍에 대한 조사항목 및 내용, 수준 ·········································· 75
<표 4-8> 태풍에 대한 위해, 노출, 저감별 수준에 따른 등급 ··················· 75
<표 4-9> 해수면 상승에 대한 조사항목 및 내용, 수준 ····························· 76
<표 4-10> 해수면 상승에 대한 위해, 노출, 저감별 수준에 따른 등급 ··· 76
<표 4-11> 이용자 안전성에 대한 조사항목 및 내용, 수준 ······················· 77
<표 4-12> 이용자 안전성에 대한 위해, 노출, 저감별 수준에 따른 등급 77
<표 4-13> 활용성에 대한 조사항목 및 내용, 평가점수, 등급 ·················· 78
<표 5-1> 부산연안 특별관리해역 민관산학협의회의 목적, 기능 및 역할
········································································································ 123
<표 5-2> 부산연안의 지속가능한 관리를 위한 과제 ································ 124
<그림 1-1> 연구 추진 체계 ·············································································· 5
<그림 2-1> 연안의 범위 ···················································································· 7
<그림 2-2> 기후변화에 따른 과거 지구 평균 해수면 변화(좌)와 지구 평균 해
수면 변화 예측(우) ······································································· 12
<그림 2-3> 대양에서 플라스틱 쓰레기 분포 및 흐름 ································ 14
<그림 2-4> 제2차 연안통합관리계획 시행체계 및 5개 추진전략과 26대 중점
추진과제 ························································································ 16
<그림 2-5> 제1차 연안사고 예방 기본계획 시행체계 ································ 26
<그림 3-1> 부산항 지도(1859) 존 와드(John Ward) 제작 ······················· 31
<그림 3-2> 부산항 지도(1905) 우에노 제작 ················································ 32
<그림 3-3> 부산지형도(1918) 조선총독부 제작 ·········································· 33
<그림 3-4> 부산항 일대의 지도(1945년 편집, 1946년 발행, 미육군지도창)
······································································································ 34
<그림 3-5> 부산의 행정구역 변화 ································································· 35
<그림 3-6> 공유수면매립 절차 ······································································ 36
<그림 3-7> 부산연안의 자연해안 및 인공해안 분포와 공유수면 매립 현황
(1954~1975년) ············································································· 37
<그림 3-8> 부산연안의 자연해안 및 인공해안 분포와 공유수면 매립 현황
(1975~1993년) ············································································· 38
<그림 3-9> 부산연안의 자연해안 및 인공해안 분포와 공유수면 매립 현황
(1993~2017년) ············································································· 39
<그림 3-10> 부산연안의 자연해안 및 인공해안 분포(개발지역 포함)와 공유
수면 매립 계획지역(제1,2,3차 공유수면매립 기본계획) ······ 40
<그림 3-11> 부산의 지형 및 단층 분포도 ··················································· 46
<그림 3-12> 부산의 계절별 평균기온 분포도(2004~2013년 평균) ·········· 48
<그림 3-13> 부산 읍면동의 인구밀도 분포(2018년 인구 기준) ··············· 50
<그림 3-14> 부산 읍면동의 인구 증감률(1998년과 2018년 대비) ··········· 51
<그림 3-15> 부산의 1980년대(상)와 2010년대(하)의 토지피복 현황 ······ 52
<그림 3-16> 부산의 연안지역 읍면동과 비연안지역 읍면동 시가화지역 면적
비율 변화 추이 ·········································································· 53
<그림 3-17> 부산의 2007년(상)과 2017년대(하)의 용도지역 현황 ·········· 55
<그림 3-18> 부산의 2010년(상)과 2017년대(하) 토지이용 현황 ·············· 57
<그림 3-19> 부산연안의 보호구역 지정 도면 ············································· 59
<그림 3-20> 부산연안 용존 산소량(DO)의 변화 추이(1997~2018) ·········· 60
<그림 3-21> 부산연안 화학적 산소요구량(COD)의 변화 추이(1997~2018)
···································································································· 60
<그림 3-22> 부산연안 총질소함량(TN)의 변화 추이(2002~2018) ············ 61
<그림 3-23> 부산연안 총인함량(TP)의 변화 추이(2002~2018) ················ 61
<그림 3-24> 부산연안 생태기반 해수수질평가(WQI)의 변화 추이(2003~2018)
····································································································· 61
<그림 3-25> 부산의 국토환경성평가 현황도 ··············································· 62
<그림 3-26> 최근 10년간 부산에서 발생한 연안의 사회적 재난 사고 ··· 64
<그림 4-1> 부산연안 실태조사 조사지점 ····················································· 70
<그림 4-2> 인공연안과 자연연안의 항목별 점수 분포 ······························· 79
<그림 4-3> 주거지의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상지
전경: 마린시티(좌상, 우상), 송도(좌하), 기장 문동리(우하) ·· 80
<그림 4-4> 상업지의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상지
전경:연화리(좌상), 광안리 수변공원(우상), 자갈치시장(좌하), 송
도(우하) ························································································· 82
<그림 4-5> 공업지의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상지
전경:영도 대평동 선박/조선 공업지(좌상), 장림공업단지/다대항
배후도로(우상), 녹산산업단지(좌하), 감천항인근 수산물 물류단
지(우하) ························································································· 84
<그림 4-6> 항만의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상지 전
경:감만시민부두(좌상), 부산항 부두(우상), 대변항(좌하), 다대포
항(우하) ························································································· 86
<그림 4-7> 어촌의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상지 전
경:동삼동 하리(좌상), 가덕도 대항마을(우상), 가덕도 선창(좌
하), 기장 고리(우하) ···································································· 88
<그림 4-8> 공공시설의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상지
전경:을숙도철새공원(좌상), 한국해양기술원(우상), 해양대학교
(좌하, 우하) ·················································································· 90
<그림 4-9> 갯벌의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상지 전
경 : 가덕도 동선마을 갯벌 ························································ 91
<그림 4-10> 모래해안의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상
지 전경:해운대 해수욕장(좌상), 송도 해수욕장(우상), 임랑 해
수욕장(좌하), 가덕도 천성해안(우하) ······································ 93
<그림 4-11> 자갈해안의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상
지 전경: 태종대(좌상), 기장 연화리(우상), 송정(좌하), 가덕도
천성해안(우하) ············································································ 94
<그림 4-12> 암석해안의 a. 항목별 점수분포, b. 항목별 등급 분포, c. 대상
지 전경: 기장 대변리(좌상), 해운대 미포(우상), 태종대(좌하),
가덕도 동편해안(우하) ······························································ 96
<그림 4-13> 인공연안과 자연연안의 건전성 점수 분포 ···························· 97
<그림 4-14> 부산연안의 지점별 건전성 등급의 공간분포 ························· 98
<그림 4-15> 인공연안과 자연연안의 자연성 점수 분포 ···························· 99
<그림 4-16> 부산연안의 지점별 자연성 등급의 공간분포 ······················ 100
<그림 4-17> 인공연안과 자연연안의 경관성 점수 분포 ·························· 101
<그림 4-18> 부산연안의 지점별 경관성 등급의 공간분포 ······················ 101
<그림 4-19> 인공연안과 자연연안의 안전성 점수 분포 ·························· 102
<그림 4-20> 부산연안의 지점별 안전성 등급의 공간분포 ······················ 103
<그림 4-21> 인공연안과 자연연안의 활용성 점수 분포 ·························· 104
<그림 4-22> 부산연안의 지점별 활용성 등급의 공간분포 ······················ 105
<그림 5-1> 부산연안의 종합평가 및 대안 ················································· 107
<그림 5-2> 부산연안의 보전체계 구상도 ··················································· 112
<그림 5-3> 부산연안의 이용체계 구상도 ··················································· 113
<그림 5-4> 동북아해양수도 부산비전 수립을 위한 타운홀 미팅 ··········· 122
