제1장 서론····························································································· 1
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ·················································································· 1
2. 연구개요 ······································································································· 3
제2장 국내외 공유교통 사례 분석··················································· 4
1. 공유교통 개념 ····························································································· 4
2. 국내외 공유교통 사례 ················································································ 9
3. 시사점 ········································································································ 31
제3장 부산시 공유교통 현황··························································· 37
1. 교통현황 ···································································································· 37
2. 공유교통 현황 ··························································································· 41
3. 설문조사 ···································································································· 49
4. 시사점 ········································································································ 57
제4장 부산시 공유교통 활성화 방안············································· 60
1. 공유교통 활성화 전략 ············································································ 60
2. 공유교통 서비스 분야별 개선방안 ························································· 67
3. 부산형 MaaS 플랫폼 구축 ····································································· 83
제5장 결론 및 정책제언··································································· 97
1. 결론 ············································································································ 97
2. 정책제언 ···································································································· 99
Abstract······························································································· 104
참고문헌····························································································· 106
부록····································································································· 116
1. 시민 설문조사 ························································································· 116
2. 전문가 설문조사 ····················································································· 147
3. 부산시 연제구 공유주차장 사업 개요 ················································· 167
4. 부산시 2019년 공유경제 관련 업무계획(일자리경제실 2019, 29) ··· 168
5. 택시와 차량공유서비스 문제 ································································ 170
6. 국외 MaaS 사례 ···················································································· 171
7. 대중교통 환승현황(2019.4월) ······························································· 174
8. 공유경제 관련 국민의식 조사 ······························································ 176
9. 공유자전거 ······························································································ 178
10. 서울특별시 주차공유 활성화에 관한 조례 ······································· 179
11. 부산시 교통카드 운영현황 ·································································· 181
<표 2-1> 공유경제 영역의 확대 및 다변화 ···················································· 6
<표 2-2> 공유교통 정의 ···················································································· 7
<표 2-3> 본 연구에서의 공유교통 서비스 분류 ············································ 9
<표 2-4> 국외 주요 차량공유 서비스 ··························································· 10
<표 2-5> 국외 주요 승차공유 서비스 ··························································· 11
<표 2-6> 국외 주요 공유자전거 서비스 ······················································· 14
<표 2-7> 국외 주요 공유주차장 서비스 ······················································· 15
<표 2-8> 국내 주요 차량공유 서비스 ··························································· 16
<표 2-9> 국내 카셰어링 업체 현황 ······························································· 17
<표 2-10> 카셰어링의 가계 교통비 절약효과 ············································· 18
<표 2-11> 국내 주요 승차공유 서비스 ························································· 18
<표 2-12> 국내 승차공유(카풀) 서비스 도입 찬반의견 ······························ 20
<표 2-13> 국내 공공자전거 현황 ·································································· 20
<표 2-14> 국내 주요 공유자전거 서비스 ····················································· 21
<표 2-15> 서울시 공유 전동킥보드 플랫폼 현황 ········································ 23
<표 2-16> 국내 주요 전동킥보드 서비스 ····················································· 24
<표 2-17> 전동킥보드 원인별 사고 현황(2015~2018년) ··························· 25
<표 2-18> 국내 주요 공유주차장 서비스 ····················································· 26
<표 2-19> 글로벌 카셰어링 추이 ·································································· 29
<표 2-20> 개인교통수단 품목별 추정 판매량(2016년 기준) ····················· 31
<표 3-1> 자동차 등록대수 추이(2007~2018년) ··········································· 38
<표 3-2> 도로구성 및 연장 추이(2007~2017년) ········································· 38
<표 3-3> 부산시 통행량 추이(2007~2018년) ··············································· 39
<표 3-4> 통행속도 변화 추이 ········································································ 40
<표 3-5> 지역별 도로교통 혼잡비용 현황 ··················································· 41
<표 3-6> 부산지역 카셰어링 업체별 운영 현황 ·········································· 42
<표 3-7> 부산지역 카셰어링 업체별 운영 현황(1) ····································· 42
<표 3-8> 부산지역 카셰어링 업체별 운영 현황(2) ····································· 44
<표 3-9> 연제구 주거지 전용주차장 공유 시범운영 ·································· 47
<표 3-10> 해운대 공공자전거 연계 교통수단 ············································· 49
<표 4-1> 단계별 공유교통 서비스 도입 방안 ·············································· 61
<표 4-2> 서울시 공유교통 관련 조직 및 업무 ············································ 62
<표 4-3> 부산시 공유교통위원회 구성 ························································· 64
<표 4-4> 공유교통 서비스 관련 시민단체 역할 ·········································· 66
<표 4-5> 부산시 경사분석 ·············································································· 77
<표 4-6> MaaS 정의 ······················································································ 84
<표 4-7> MaaS 핵심 특징 ············································································· 86
<표 4-8> MaaS 레벨 분류 ············································································· 87
<그림 1-1> 연구 흐름도 ·················································································· 3
<그림 2-1> 공유경제 플랫폼 ············································································ 5
<그림 2-2> ofo 방치 전경 ············································································· 22
<그림 2-3> 카풀앱 반대 집회전경 ································································· 33
<그림 2-4> 중국 샤먼시의 자전거 무덤 ······················································· 34
<그림 3-1> 카셰어링 서비스 이용건수 현황 ················································ 43
<그림 3-2> 카셰어링 서비스 이용시간 현황 ················································ 45
<그림 3-3> 전동킥보드 윈드 앱 화면 및 주차 전경 ·································· 46
<그림 3-4> 해운대 공공자전거 회원가입 현황 ············································ 48
<그림 3-5> 해운대 공공자전거 대여 현황 ··················································· 48
<그림 4-1> 부산시 공유교통 지원 행정체계 ················································ 63
<그림 4-2> 서울시 MaaS 해커톤 포스트 ···················································· 65
<그림 4-3> 여수세계박람회장 주차장 카셰어링 주차면
(2019년 9월 27일 촬영) ···························································· 69
<그림 4-4> 부산형 카셰어링 모델 ································································· 70
<그림 4-5> 접이식 전동킥보드 사례 ····························································· 75
<그림 4-6> 부산시 FMM, LMM 서비스 지역 ············································· 77
<그림 4-7> 도로구간의 저속차로 운영 예시 ················································ 79
<그림 4-8> 공유주차장 표식 사례 ································································· 80
<그림 4-9> 주차공유 홍보 사례 ···································································· 81
<그림 4-10> 강남구 거주자우선구역 단속 안내 ·········································· 81
<그림 4-11> IoT를 활용한 주차장 공유기술 사례 ····································· 83
<그림 4-12> MaaS 개념도 ············································································· 85
<그림 4-13> 대중교통 중심 MaaS체계 구축 ··············································· 90
<그림 4-14> 부산시 MaaS 운영 형태 ·························································· 94
<그림 4-15> 부산형 MaaS(B-MaaS) 플랫폼 구상(안) ······························· 96
<그림 5-1> 미래 자동차 시스템 변화 ························································· 102
<그림 5-2> MaaS의 미래 ············································································· 103
