제1장 서론····························································································· 1
1. 연구의 배경과 목적 ···················································································· 1
2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 ·················································································· 3
제2장 4차 산업혁명과 공유경제······················································· 5
1. 제4차 산업혁명 ··························································································· 5
2. 공유경제 ······································································································· 9
3. 4차 산업혁명과 공유경제의 도시 영향분석 ·········································· 20
4. 전문가 의견 분석 ····················································································· 53
5. 소결 ············································································································ 62
제3장 도시계획과 시민참여····························································· 67
1. 도시계획의 시민참여 ················································································ 67
2. 시민참여 사례 ··························································································· 76
3. 전문가 의견 분석 ····················································································· 92
4. 소결 ············································································································ 98
제4장 시민중심 도시계획 방법······················································ 103
1. 시민중심 도시계획 수단 ········································································ 103
2. 도시공간 부문 ························································································· 129
3. 주거‧주택 부문 ························································································ 140
4. 도시재생 부문 ························································································· 152
5. 교통 부문 ································································································ 162
6. 도시디자인‧경관 부문 ············································································ 180
7. 도시방재 부문 ························································································· 187
제5장 결론 및 정책 제언·································································200
1. 결론 ·········································································································· 200
2. 정책 제언 ································································································ 203
Abstract······························································································· 217
참고문헌····························································································· 219
[부록 1]······························································································· 234
[부록 2] 도시계획 분야 설문························································· 242
[부록 3] 교통계획 분야 설문·························································· 251
<표 Ⅱ-1> 4차 산업혁명 정의 ·········································································· 6
<표 Ⅱ-2> 산업혁명별 특징 ·············································································· 7
<표 Ⅱ-3> 공유경제의 설명 및 정의 ····························································· 10
<표 Ⅱ-4> 공유경제 진화 과정 ······································································ 12
<표 Ⅱ-5> 공유경제 영역의 확대 및 다변화 ················································ 13
<표 Ⅱ-6> 지자체별 공유경제 정책 ······························································· 16
<표 Ⅱ-7> 국내 분야별 주요 공유경제 업체 현황 ······································ 18
<표 Ⅱ-8> 서울 공유허브 등록 공유경제 업체 현황 ··································· 19
<표 Ⅱ-9> 공유경제부산 등록 공유경제 업체 현황 ···································· 19
<표 Ⅱ-10> 산업혁명과 국토공간 변화 양상 ················································ 20
<표 Ⅱ-11> 4차 산업혁명 기술에 의한 교통‧건축 혁신과 가상현실 ········ 21
<표 Ⅱ-12> 산업혁명과 도시 형태의 변화 ··················································· 23
<표 Ⅱ-13> 4차 산업혁명 기술에 의한 교통‧건축 혁신과 가상현실 ········ 23
<표 Ⅱ-14> 디지털 기술혁명에 의한 도시 구성요소의 변화 ····················· 26
<표 Ⅱ-15> 4차 산업혁명에 의한 미래 도시공간 ········································ 28
<표 Ⅱ-16> 4차 산업혁명 주요 기반기술들의 산업별 적용 ······················· 30
<표 Ⅱ-17> 기술 티핑포인트(변화) 발생 예상 평균시점 ···························· 31
<표 Ⅱ-18> 교통 분야에 영향을 미치는 주요 혁신기술 ····························· 33
<표 Ⅱ-19> 교통 분야에 영향을 미치는 주요 혁신기술 ····························· 34
<표 Ⅱ-20> 자율주행 무인 자동차 시대의 도시‧주택 변화 ························ 35
<표 Ⅱ-21> 자율주행 자동차 도입에 따른 공간변화 ·································· 37
<표 Ⅱ-22> 공유경제의 도시문제 해결 내용 ················································ 39
<표 Ⅱ-23> 도시공간 공유 유형 ···································································· 40
<표 Ⅱ-24> 일본 공유경제 기반 공간공유 사례 ·········································· 42
<표 Ⅱ-25> 미국 공유경제 정책 및 공간공유 사례 ···································· 43
<표 Ⅱ-26> 영국 공유경제 기반 공간공유 사례 ·········································· 44
<표 Ⅱ-27> 국내 공유경제 기반 공간공유 사례 ·········································· 45
<표 Ⅱ-28> 주요 이동 공유 서비스 사례 ····················································· 47
<표 Ⅱ-29> 전문가 설문조사 개요 ································································· 54
<표 Ⅱ-30> 응답자 인적사항 ·········································································· 54
<표 Ⅱ-31> 도시계획 분야에 대한 4차 산업혁명 영향 정도 ····················· 55
<표 Ⅱ-32> 4차 산업혁명에 대한 도시계획분야 대응 정도 ······················· 56
<표 Ⅱ-33> 4차 산업혁명 기술이 도시계획 분야에 적용되는 시기 ········· 57
<표 Ⅱ-34> 도시계획 분야에 사용 가능한 4차 산업혁명 관련 적용 기술 ··· 58
<표 Ⅱ-35> 도시계획 분야에 대한 공유경제 영향 정도 ····························· 59
<표 Ⅱ-36> 공유경제에 대한 도시계획분야 대응 정도 ······························· 60
<표 Ⅱ-37> 공유경제의 도시계획 분야에 적용되는 시기 ··························· 62
<표 Ⅲ-1> 협치모델 ························································································· 68
<표 Ⅲ-2> 국내 지자체 조례상의 시민참여, 주민참여 정의 ······················ 72
<표 Ⅲ-3> 시민참여 관련 제도 변화 ····························································· 75
<표 Ⅲ-4> 수원시 시민계획단의 정책적 의의 ·············································· 77
<표 Ⅲ-5> 2030 서울플랜 수립의 시민참여단 운영 ··································· 79
<표 Ⅲ-6> 2030년 부산도시기본계획 수립의 시민계획단 운영 프로그램 ···· 82
<표 Ⅲ-7> 부산도시계획헌장 제정 시민계획단 운영 프로그램 ·················· 83
<표 Ⅲ-8> 제5차 부산시 지역에너지계획 수립 시민참여단 운영 ·············· 84
<표 Ⅲ-9> BRT 공론화 위원회 시민참여단 운영 ········································ 86
<표 Ⅲ-10> 오레건주, 유타주, 텍사스주의 시민참여 사례 ························ 89
<표 Ⅲ-11> 도시계획 분야에 대한 시민참여 영향 정도 ····························· 93
<표 Ⅲ-12> 도시계획 분야에 대한 시민참여 수준 정도 ····························· 93
<표 Ⅲ-13> 시민의 분야별 계획에 대한 이해도 ·········································· 95
<표 Ⅲ-14> 분야별 도시계획 수립을 위한 중요한 방향 ····························· 96
<표 Ⅲ-15> 시민중심 도시계획 수립 방법 ··················································· 97
<표 Ⅲ-16> 시민중심 도시계획 수립 수단 비교 ········································ 101
<표 Ⅳ-1> 크라우드소싱 분류 ······································································ 105
<표 Ⅳ-2> 리빙랩 참여로부터 각 이해관계자가 얻을 수 있는 이점 ······ 111
<표 Ⅳ-3> 리빙랩 방법론의 단계 구분 ······················································· 111
<표 Ⅳ-4> 해운대 IoT 실증단지에 적용한 스마트시티 리빙랩 개요 ······ 115
<표 Ⅳ-5> 빅데이터와 스마트 데이터 구분 ················································ 119
<표 Ⅳ-6> 현실기술(VR, AR, MR) 정의 ····················································· 121
<표 Ⅳ-7> 현실기술(VR, AR, MR) 구분 ····················································· 122
<표 Ⅳ-8> 현실기술(VR, AR, MR) 장단점 ················································· 122
<표 Ⅳ-9> 현실기술(VR, AR, MR) 시장규모 ············································· 124
<표 Ⅳ-10> 가상현실(VR) 활용 사례 ·························································· 125
<표 Ⅳ-11> 2030 부산시 도시기본계획(변경) 도시공간구조 대안비교 및 선정···· 130
<표 Ⅳ-12> 유형별 공간과 대상지 ······························································ 133
<표 Ⅳ-13> 도시공간 부문 포함 계획의 시민중심 계획수립 방법 순위 ··· 138
<표 Ⅳ-14> 주거·주택 분문 계획별 ICT 및 4차 산업혁명 기술 관련 내용 ··· 141
<표 Ⅳ-15> 미국의 스마트시티 기술적용 사례 ·········································· 142
<표 Ⅳ-16> 대상지 사업 검토 및 선정 ······················································· 144
<표 Ⅳ-17> 신산업 융복합 서비스분야 ······················································· 149
<표 Ⅳ-18> 주거‧주택 부문 계획의 시민중심 계획수립 방법 순위 ········ 151
<표 Ⅳ-19> 보스턴 성장관리 계획의 주택 부문 실천과제와 내용 ········· 152
<표 Ⅳ-20> 도시재생 부문 계획의 시민중심 계획수립 방법 순위 ········· 160
<표 Ⅳ-21> 교통부문 계획별 4차 산업혁명 기술 관련 내용 ··················· 163
<표 Ⅳ-22> 국가 4차 산업혁명 관련 교통부문 주요 내용 ······················ 166
<표 Ⅳ-23> 교통관련 계획의 4차 산업혁명 관련 기술검토 ····················· 168
<표 Ⅳ-24> 교통부문 계획별 공유교통 관련 내용 ···································· 169
<표 Ⅳ-25> 교통관련 계획의 공유관련 기술검토 ······································ 171
<표 Ⅳ-26> 교통부문 계획별 시민참여 내용 ············································· 172
<표 Ⅳ-27> 교통분야 시민중심 계획수립 방법 순위 ································ 175
<표 Ⅳ-28> 교통계획별 시민참여 구분 ······················································· 176
<표 Ⅳ-29> 교통관련 빅데이터(Big Data) 현황 ········································ 177
<표 Ⅳ-30> 교통 모니터링 요원 교육일정(안) ··········································· 179
<표 Ⅳ-31> 경관계획에서의 시민참여 방안 ··············································· 186
<표 Ⅳ-32> 방재분야 계획별 4차 산업혁명 기술 관련 내용 ··················· 188
<표 Ⅳ-33> 국가별 ICT 융합형 재난안전기술 동향 ································· 189
<표 Ⅳ-34> 재난 및 안전관리 기본법 및 시행령 ······································ 194
<표 Ⅳ-35> 재난 예방, 대비, 대응, 복구관련 법령 ·································· 196
<표 Ⅳ-36> 방재분야 계획별 시민참여 관련 내용 ···································· 197
<표 Ⅴ-1> 상위계획의 메기트렌드 반영을 위한 주체별 역할 ················· 204
<표 Ⅴ-2> 부산시 공유경제 관련 업무 ······················································· 205
<표 Ⅴ-3> 서울시 공유경제 관련 업무 ······················································· 206
<표 Ⅴ-4> 부산시와 민간의 단계별 공유경제 추진(안) ···························· 207
<표 Ⅴ-5> 교통부분 계획수립에 있어서 공론화위원회 운영의
장점과 문제점 ············································································· 210
<표 Ⅴ-6> 블록체인 기반 의사결정 사례 ··················································· 212
<표 Ⅴ-7> 국내 공공부문 블록체인 적용 사례 ·········································· 214
<표 Ⅴ-8> 블록체인의 단계별 발전방향에 따른 적용분야 ······················· 215
<그림 Ⅰ-1> 연구 흐름도 ·················································································· 4
<그림 Ⅱ-1> 4차 산업혁명 비전 및 과제 ······················································· 8
<그림 Ⅱ-2> 공유경제 플랫폼 ········································································ 12
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 공유경제 주요 부문 ··································································· 14
<그림 Ⅱ-4> 4차 산업혁명에 의한 주택과 공간 변화 ································ 26
<그림 Ⅱ-5> 4차 산업혁명 진전에 의한 미래 도시공간 개념 ··················· 29
<그림 Ⅱ-6> 도시공간 공유 유형 ··································································· 41
<그림 Ⅱ-7> 국내외 공유교통 사례 ······························································· 46
<그림 Ⅱ-8> MaaS 서비스 개념도 ································································ 48
<그림 Ⅱ-9> 보방(Vauban)지구 자동차 없는 마을 ····································· 50
<그림 Ⅱ-10> 콜롬비아 매데인시 빈민가 연결 케이블카 사업 ················· 51
<그림 Ⅱ-11> 로트레담시 ‘내가 만드는 로테르담’ 프로젝트 ····················· 52
<그림 Ⅱ-12> 도시계획 분야별 제4차 산업혁명의 영향 및 대응 정도 IPA ·· 57
<그림 Ⅱ-13> 도시계획 분야별 공유경제 영향 및 대응 정도 IPA ··········· 61
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 서울시 협치모델(2017년) ·························································· 70
<그림 Ⅲ-2> 2030 서울플랜 추진체계 ·························································· 78
<그림 Ⅲ-3> 서울을 바꾸는 실험과 도전 Open Forum 행사 전경 ········ 80
<그림 Ⅲ-4> 부산시 도시계획 아고라 홈페이지 ·········································· 84
<그림 Ⅲ-5> 서랜드 마운틴 지역의 Geoweb 사이트 ·································· 90
<그림 Ⅲ-6> 전자 주민참여 사례 ··································································· 92
<그림 Ⅲ-7> 도시계획 분야별 시민참여 영향 및 참여 정도 IPA ············· 94
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 크라우드소싱과 비즈니스 모델 ·············································· 104
<그림 Ⅳ-2> 크라우드소싱과 유사 개념 비교 ············································ 104
<그림 Ⅳ-3> 크라우드소싱 장점 ·································································· 105
<그림 Ⅳ-4> 사회문제 해결을 위한 디지털기술의 활용과 리빙랩 ·········· 109
<그림 Ⅳ-5> 정책적 관점에서의 리빙랩 개념 ············································ 110
<그림 Ⅳ-6> 부산시 리빙랩 운영 현황 ······················································· 114
<그림 Ⅳ-7> 해운대 IoT 실증단지 스마트시티 리빙랩 진행단계 ··········· 115
<그림 Ⅳ-8> 국토교통부 공간빅데이터 ······················································· 117
<그림 Ⅳ-9> 부산시 공공데이터 포털과 빅데이터 포털 ··························· 118
<그림 Ⅳ-10> 부산 Smart Big Data Platform ······································· 119
<그림 Ⅳ-11> 현실정보와 가상정보에 의한 현실기술 구분 ····················· 121
<그림 Ⅳ-12> Garthner Hype Cycle의 AR, VR, MR 위치 ·················· 123
<그림 Ⅳ-13> 버추얼 싱가포르(Virtual Singapore) 프로젝트 ··············· 127
<그림 Ⅳ-14> 스마트 에코델타시티(EDC) 조감도 및 VR 시연 ··············· 128
<그림 Ⅳ-15> 해양공간의 유형분류 ····························································· 132
<그림 Ⅳ-16> 해양생태 공간 및 해양산업 R&D 공간의 구성 ················ 134
<그림 Ⅳ-17> 해양관광 공간 및 해양경제특별구역 공간의 구성 ··········· 135
<그림 Ⅳ-18> 2030 서울플랜의 모니터링 상시계획체계 ·························· 139
<그림 Ⅳ-19> 2030 서울플랜의 공간만들기 특징 ····································· 140
<그림 Ⅳ-20> 북구 구포1동 일원 종합계획(안) ········································· 144
<그림 Ⅳ-21> 공간 및 시설 사업 예시(안)-신재생에너지
가로등 구성도 ········································································ 145
<그림 Ⅳ-22> 공간 및 시설 사업 예시(안)-스마트 음식물쓰레기
처리기 구성도 ········································································ 145
<그림 Ⅳ-23> 주택수요분석 DB 구축 방향 ················································ 146
<그림 Ⅳ-24> 거시적 여건변화에 따른 도시·주거문제 ··························· 148
<그림 Ⅳ-25> 카시와노하 캠퍼스타운의 개념 ············································ 154
<그림 Ⅳ-26> 카시와노하 캠퍼스타운 배치도 ············································ 155
<그림 Ⅳ-27> 리서치 트라이앵글 파크(RTP) 배치도 ································ 156
<그림 Ⅳ-28> 일본 하나레 전경 ·································································· 158
<그림 Ⅳ-29> 커뮤니티 호텔 개념 ······························································ 159
<그림 Ⅳ-30> 시민참여 중심의 도시디자인·경관 계획 프로세스 ············ 186
<그림 Ⅳ-31> 가상현실·증강현실 기반 재난대응 시뮬레이터
통합 훈련 및 교육 ································································ 190
<그림 Ⅴ-1> 부산시 2018 공유경제 사업 아이디어 공모전 및
서울시 2018 공유서울 정책박람회 포스트 ·························· 208
<그림 Ⅴ-2> 블록체인 기반 공유경제 서비스 ············································ 209
<그림 Ⅴ-3> 사이버교육 사례 ······································································ 211
<그림 Ⅴ-4> 국내 지자체 블록체인 적용 사례 ·········································· 213
<그림 Ⅴ-5> 경기도 블록체인 활용 의사결정 과정 ·································· 216
