제1장 연구 개요········································································1
1. 연구 배경과 필요성······························································· 1
1) 연구 배경·········································································· 1
2) 연구 필요성······································································ 4
3) 연구 목적·········································································· 5
2. 연구방법과 선행연구··························································· 6
1) 연구방법············································································ 6
2) 선행연구············································································ 6
제2장 임팩트 금융과 사회 문제···········································9
1. 임팩트 금융의 개요····························································· 9
1) 사회적 금융(Social finance) ········································· 9
2) 임팩트 금융(Impact finance) ····································· 13
2. 임팩트 금융의 동향··························································· 18
1) 글로벌 임팩트 금융의 동향·········································· 18
2) 우리나라 임팩트 금융의 동향······································ 22
3. 임팩트 금융과 사회문제··················································· 38
1) 임팩트 투자 섹터··························································· 38
2) 임팩트 본드 영역··························································· 40
3) 사회성과연계채권 투자영역·········································· 40
4) 국내 사회적 문제··························································· 43
제3장 부산지역의 임팩트 금융과 여건 분석····················45
1. 부산지역 임팩트 금융 필요성·········································· 45
1) 사회복지분야의 예산 부담 완화·································· 45
2) 민간부문을 활용한 사회혁신 촉진······························ 47
2. 부산의 임팩트 금융 참여 여건 분석······························ 48
1) 행정 및 제도 여건························································· 49
2) 투자대상 여건 : 부산의 사회적 경제 기업 여건······ 51
3) 투자자 여건···································································· 57
4) 임팩트 금융 여건 요약················································· 65
제4장 부산의 사회문제와 부산형 임팩트 금융의 탐색··67
1. 부산지역 사회문제····························································· 67
1) 언론에 비친 사회문제··················································· 67
2) 기존 조사에 나타난 사회문제······································ 69
3) 기업들의 사회문제 인식조사········································ 70
2. 임팩트 금융 분야 탐색····················································· 71
1) 임팩트 금융의 목표······················································· 71
2) 임팩트 금융의 투자분야··············································· 72
3) 임팩트 금융의 실행 주체············································· 74
3. 임팩트 금융 활성화 요인 탐색········································ 75
1) 임팩트 금융 도입의 장애요인······································ 75
2) 임팩트 금융 도입·확대 필요요인································· 75
3) 임팩트 금융 지원 시책················································· 76
4) 임팩트 투자자의 기대사항············································ 77
5) 임팩트 투자 참여의 우려사항······································ 78
제5장 부산형 임팩트 금융의 육성방안······························81
1. 임팩트 금융의 육성방향··················································· 81
2. 임팩트 금융의 육성방안··················································· 83
1) 임팩트 금융의 지원 근거와 공감대 형성··················· 83
2) 임팩트 금융 선도사업 발굴과 노하우 축적··············· 86
3) 임팩트 금융 투자 및 투자자 발굴······························ 91
4) 임팩트 금융 투자사업 발굴·········································· 98
Abstract ···················································································100
참고문헌 ················································································102
부록 1. 설문지······································································107
부록 2. 설문 결과································································114
<표 Ⅱ-1> 자본의 성격에 따른 사회적 금융··························· 10
<표 Ⅱ-2> 사회적 금융의 특징·················································· 10
<표 Ⅱ-3> 임팩트 금융의 특성·················································· 14
<표 Ⅱ-4> 임팩트 추구형 사회적 금융의 유형······················· 15
<표 Ⅱ-5> 전 세계 임팩트 투자운용 자산······························· 18
<표 Ⅱ-6> 국가별 SIB의 실행지역············································ 20
<표 Ⅱ-7> 해외 개발금융기관의 임팩트 금융 사례················ 21
<표 Ⅱ-8> 한국성장금융의 임팩트 투자 펀드························· 24
<표 Ⅱ-9> 고용노동부의 모태펀드············································ 26
<표 Ⅱ-10> 해외 임팩트 투자 주요섹터··································· 39
<표 Ⅱ-11> 부문별 임팩트 본드················································ 40
<표 Ⅱ-12> 국가별 SIB 주제 범위············································ 41
<표 Ⅱ-13> 서울시 사회성과 보상사업 확대 분야(안) ··········· 42
<표 Ⅲ-1> 부산시 주요 복지사업 증가규모····························· 45
<표 Ⅲ-2> 공공정책과 SIB 사업 비교······································ 48
<표 Ⅲ-3> 부산광역시 사회적 경제 육성정책························· 50
<표 Ⅲ-4> 부산 사회적 경제 기업 현황··································· 52
<표 Ⅲ-5> 부산 사회적 경제 기업 설립 추이························· 52
<표 Ⅲ-6> 부산지역 사회적 기업 분야별 현황······················· 53
<표 Ⅲ-7> 부산지역 마을기업 현황·········································· 54
<표 Ⅲ-8> 부산지역 협동조합 업종별 현황····························· 55
<표 Ⅲ-9> 전국 사회적 경제 기업의 현황(2018년 8월 기준) 55
<표 Ⅲ-10> 전국 사회적 기업 매출액 현황(2016년) ·············· 56
<표 Ⅲ-11> 전국 사회적 기업 영업이익 및 당기순이익(2016년) ··· 57
<표 Ⅲ-12> 지역의 사회적경제발전기금 현황························· 58
<표 Ⅲ-13> 아동·청소년 관련 재단 및 NGO 사례················· 59
<표 Ⅲ-14> 기업재단 소재지······················································ 60
<표 Ⅲ-15> 사회공헌활동 전담 부서/직원 여부 및 평균 인원···· 62
<표 Ⅲ-16> 사회공헌활동 시행 여부········································ 62
<표 Ⅲ-17> 사회공헌활동 예산규모의 분포····························· 63
<표 Ⅲ-18> 사회공헌활동을 하는 주된 이유··························· 63
<표 Ⅲ-19> 임팩트 금융 여건 요약·········································· 65
<표 Ⅳ-1> 최근 언론에 비친 부산지역 사회문제···················· 68
<표 Ⅳ-2> 부산 취업 애로요인(부산사회조사) ························· 69
<표 Ⅳ-3> 부산지역 사회문제의 인식정도······························· 71
<표 Ⅳ-4> 임팩트 금융의 투자분야·········································· 73
<표 Ⅴ-1> 사회적 가치지표(SVI, Social Value Index) ········ 89
<표 Ⅴ-2> 부산지역 사회 공헌활동의 분류····························· 94
<표 Ⅴ-3> 임팩트 금융 참여 의향 기업··································· 95
<표 Ⅴ-4> 사회적 목적 재투자 기업과 재투자 총액(2016년) 96
<표 Ⅴ-5> 사회적 혁신기업의 사례·········································· 97
<표 Ⅴ-6> 행안부 사회성과보상사업(SIB) 아이디어 경진대회 결과· 98
<그림 Ⅱ-1> 사회적 금융(투자) 매트릭스································ 12
<그림 Ⅱ-2> 국가별 임팩트 본드 수········································ 20
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 사회적 경제기업의 정책자금 규모······················ 22
<그림 Ⅱ-4> 한국성장금융의 사회투자펀드 운영구조············ 23
<그림 Ⅱ-5> 한국벤처투자의 소셜 임팩트 펀드······················ 25
<그림 Ⅱ-6> ARK 임팩트 글로벌 사모펀드 제1호의 투자영역···· 28
<그림 Ⅱ-7> SIB 자금 지원 주요 분야···································· 41
<그림 Ⅱ-8> 해결이 시급한 국내의 사회적 문제 또는 이슈· 43
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 부산통합재정의 사회복지예산 비중···················· 46
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 부산지역의 사회문제 주요 키워드(2010-2018) ···· 68
<그림 Ⅳ-2> 부산의 임팩트 금융 도입 목표··························· 72
<그림 Ⅳ-3> 임팩트 금융의 실행 주체····································· 74
<그림 Ⅳ-4> 임팩트 금융 도입 장애요인································· 75
<그림 Ⅳ-5> 임팩트 금융 도입·확대 필요요인························ 76
<그림 Ⅳ-6> 효과적인 임팩트 금융 지원시책························· 77
<그림 Ⅳ-7> 임팩트 투자자(기업)의 기대사항························· 78
<그림 Ⅳ-8> 임팩트 투자 참여의 우려사항····························· 79