Ⅰ. 연구 개요 1
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적···························································· 3
2. 연구의 범위 및 연구방법···················································· 4
3. 연구의 주요 내용································································· 4
Ⅱ. 혁신 클러스터 특성과 중요성 5
1. 국내 및 해외의 선행연구 고찰··········································· 7
1) 국내 선행연구·································································· 7
2) 해외 선행연구································································ 12
2. 혁신 클러스터의 정의 및 특성········································ 14
1) 혁신 클러스터의 정의·················································· 14
2) 혁신 클러스터의 특성·················································· 18
3. 혁신 클러스터 정책의 중요성·········································· 24
Ⅲ. 미국의 혁신 클러스터 현황 및 정책 동향 27
1. 미국 혁신 클러스터의 현황·············································· 29
1) 지역(Region) 차원의 클러스터 현황·························· 29
2) 산업(Industry) 차원의 클러스터 현황······················· 33
2. 미국 혁신 클러스터의 정책 동향····································· 40
1) 미국 연방정부의 클러스터 정책································· 40
2) 미국 주정부의 클러스터 정책····································· 44
Ⅳ. 미국 혁신 클러스터 사례조사 및 성공요인분석 47
1. 미국 혁신 클러스터의 사례조사······································· 50
1) 리서치트라이앵글파크(Research Triangle Park) ··· 50
2) 플로리다 포토닉스 클러스터(Florida Photonics Cluster) ·· 55
3) 실리콘 밸리(Silicon Valley) ······································· 63
4) 실리콘 앨리(Silicon Alley) ········································· 69
5) 보스턴 바이오테크 클러스터(Boston Biotech Cluster) ·· 77
6) 샌디에이고 바이오 클러스터(San Diego Bio Cluster) ·· 82
2. 미국 혁신 클러스터의 성공요인분석······························· 88
Ⅴ. 부산지역 혁신 클러스터 육성전략 93
1. 부산지역 혁신 클러스터 진단·········································· 95
1) 물적 기반 진단······························································ 95
2) 혁신주체 진단································································ 96
3) 혁신과정 진단····························································· 100
4) 문화기반 진단····························································· 102
2. 부산지역 혁신 클러스터 육성전략································· 104
1) 연결 전략(Connection Strategy) ···························· 105
2) 경쟁력 전략(Competitiveness Strategy) ··············· 108
3) 사업화 전략(Commercialization Strategy) ·········· 111
4) 협업 전략(Collaboration Strategy) ························ 113
Abstract 117
참고문헌 119
부록 128
[ 부록 1 ] 미국 광역 및 로컬 클러스터의 구성 산업····· 128
[ 부록 2 ] 미국인구통계국(Census Bureau) 지역구분기준·· 129
[ 부록 3 ] 미국 Rust Belt ·················································· 131
[ 부록 4 ] 미국 Sun Belt ··················································· 132
[ 부록 5 ] Global Startup Ecosystem Report 평가지표·· 133
[ 부록 6 ] 미국 주요 혁신 클러스터 특징 비교·············· 134
[ 부록 7 ] 미국 플로리다주의 주요 전략산업·················· 135
<표 Ⅱ-1> 장재홍(2004)의 클러스터관련 용어 정리 ············ 15
<표 Ⅱ-2> 혁신 클러스터의 유형별 핵심 주체······················· 21
<표 Ⅱ-3> 혁신 클러스터 형성 요인 및 성공 조건················ 22
<표 Ⅲ-1> 기존 산업을 토대로 신(新) 클러스터 구축 사례·· 45
<표 Ⅳ-1> 본 연구의 클러스터 유형별 사례조사 대상·········· 49
<표 Ⅳ-2> 플로리다 주정부 및 지방정부의 지원정책············ 61
<표 Ⅳ-3> 뉴욕시 창업관련 지원정책 ····································· 75
<표 Ⅳ-4> GEN의 미국 바이오 클러스터 순위······················· 84
<표 Ⅴ-1> 7대 도시 연구개발조직 현황(2015) ························ 97
<표 Ⅴ-2> 7대 도시 연구개발인력 현황(2015) ························ 98
<표 Ⅴ-3> 부산지역 연구개발 인적자원 평가························· 98
<표 Ⅴ-4> 7대 도시 연구개발비 현황(2015) ··························· 99
<표 Ⅴ-5> 연구조직당/연구인력당 연구개발비 현황(2015) ·· 100
<표 Ⅴ-6> 지역별 창업/사업화 활동 지수····························· 101
<표 Ⅴ-7> 지역별 경제적 성과 지수······································ 101
<표 Ⅴ-8> 지역별 네트워크 지수············································ 102
<표 Ⅴ-9> 지역별 산학연 협력 지수······································ 103
<표 Ⅴ-10> 지역별 국제 협력 지수········································ 103
<그림 Ⅱ-1> 국내 클러스터관련 논문 발간 횟수 추이············ 7
<그림 Ⅱ-2> 논문 키워드에 대한 빅데이터 분석 (2000~2005년) ·· 8
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 논문 키워드에 대한 빅데이터 분석 (2006~2010년) ·· 9
<그림 Ⅱ-4> 논문 키워드에 대한 빅데이터 분석 (2011~현재) ·· 10
<그림 Ⅱ-5> 논문 키워드에 대한 빅데이터 분석 (2000~2017년) ·· 11
<그림 Ⅱ-6> 해외 논문 키워드에 대한 빅데이터 분석 (2017년) ·· 13
<그림 Ⅱ-7> 산업클러스터-혁신클러스터-혁신시스템 상호개념도·· 16
<그림 Ⅱ-8> 혁신 클러스터 구성요소······································· 18
<그림 Ⅱ-9> 혁신 클러스터의 구성요소··································· 19
<그림 Ⅱ-10> 혁신 클러스터 혁신주체별 역할······················· 20
<그림 Ⅱ-11> 혁신 클러스터 성장단계별 성공 조건·············· 24
<그림 Ⅱ-12> 클러스터의 효과: 도요타의 사례······················ 25
<그림 Ⅱ-13> 클러스터 정책의 범위········································ 26
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 미국 경제권별 클러스터 강도 부문의 현황······· 30
<그림 Ⅲ-2> 미국 경제권별 혁신 부문의 현황······················· 31
<그림 Ⅲ-3> 미국 경제권별 벤처캐피털 부문의 현황············ 32
<그림 Ⅲ-4> 미국 경제권별 벤처캐피털 성장률 부문의 현황·· 33
<그림 Ⅲ-5> 미국경제에서의교역형및로컬클러스터비중비교·· 34
<그림 Ⅲ-6> 미국 기계 클러스터 현황····································· 35
<그림 Ⅲ-7> 미국 자동차 클러스터 현황································· 36
<그림 Ⅲ-8> 미국 우주항공/국방 클러스터 현황···················· 36
<그림 Ⅲ-9> 미국 정보통신 클러스터 현황····························· 37
<그림 Ⅲ-10> 미국 바이오의약 클러스터 현황······················· 38
<그림 Ⅲ-11> 미국 금융 서비스 클러스터 현황····················· 39
<그림 Ⅲ-12> 미국 비즈니스 서비스 클러스터 현황·············· 39
<그림 Ⅲ-13> 2015 미국 혁신전략의 구성······························ 42
<그림 Ⅳ-1> RTP의 위치도························································ 50
<그림 Ⅳ-2> RTP가 지역경제에 미친 효과····························· 52
<그림 Ⅳ-3> RTP의 The Park Center 조감도······················ 52
<그림 Ⅳ-4> 플로리다 포토닉스 업체 분포 및 클러스터 위치도·· 56
<그림 Ⅳ-5> 플로리다 IT산업의 기업체 및 종사자 현황······· 57
<그림 Ⅳ-6> 플로리다 주요 군사시설 및 국방관련 업체 분포·· 58
<그림 Ⅳ-7> 플로리다 IT산업의 주요 기업 분포···················· 59
<그림 Ⅳ-8> Magic Leap의 3D 가상 고래 이미지 시연 장면·· 60
<그림 Ⅳ-9> 실리콘 밸리의 지리적 범위································· 64
<그림 Ⅳ-10> 실리콘 밸리의 생태계 지수 순위(2017) ·········· 65
<그림 Ⅳ-11> 실리콘 밸리의 생태계 지수 현황····················· 66
<그림 Ⅳ-12> 뉴욕 실리콘 앨리의 주요 스타트업, 투자자 분포·· 70
<그림 Ⅳ-13> 브루클린 테크 트라이앵글 전경······················· 71
<그림 Ⅳ-14> 뉴욕의 생태계 지수 순위(2017) ························ 72
<그림 Ⅳ-15> 뉴욕의 생태계 지수 현황··································· 73
<그림 Ⅳ-16> Digital NYC 홈페이지(www.digital.nyc) ······· 74
<그림 Ⅳ-17> Route 128 위치도·············································· 77
<그림 Ⅳ-18> Boston Biotech Cluster ·································· 78
<그림 Ⅳ-19> 보스턴의 생태계 지수 순위(2017) ···················· 79
<그림 Ⅳ-20> 보스턴의 생태계 지수 현황······························· 80
<그림 Ⅳ-21> 샌디에이고 바이오 클러스터 범위···················· 83
<그림 Ⅳ-22> 샌디에이고 바이오 클러스터의 역사················ 85
<그림 Ⅳ-23> 샌디에이고 바이오 비치 소재 바이오 기업들·· 86
<그림 Ⅴ-24> 성공조건에 대한 워드클라우드분석 결과········ 88
<그림 Ⅴ-1> 부산지역 산업단지 조성 현황(2017. 3 현재) ··· 96
<그림 Ⅴ-2> 부산지역 혁신 클러스터 육성 전략 (4C 전략) ·· 104
<그림 Ⅴ-3> 연결전략 (Connection) ····································· 105
<그림 Ⅴ-4> 경쟁력 전략 (Competitiveness) ······················ 108
<그림 Ⅴ-5> 사업화 전략 (Commercialization) ·················· 111
<그림 Ⅴ-6> 협업 전략 (Collaboration) ······························· 113
<그림 Ⅴ-7> TUCASI 캠퍼스 맵············································· 115
