제1장 서론·················································································1
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적····························································· 1
1) 연구배경············································································ 1
2) 연구목적············································································ 2
3) 연구범위············································································ 3
4) 연구방법············································································ 5
제2장 이론 및 선행연구 고찰···············································7
1. 4차 산업혁명과 제조업 전략················································ 7
1) 제조업을 둘러싼 환경변화·············································· 7
2) 인더스트리 4.0 기반의 제조공정 혁신······················· 20
2. 4차 산업혁명의 핵심기술··················································· 22
1) 추진 배경 및 전략························································· 22
2) 핵심 기술 구조······························································· 25
3. 4차 산업혁명의 3대 전략··················································· 31
1) 핵심 요소기술 로드맵 구축 및 개발··························· 31
2) 기술교류 및 산학연관 협력 구심점 필요··················· 36
제3장 스마트팩토리 요소기술 및 시장분석······················41
1. 스마트팩토리 개요 및 시장················································ 41
1) 스마트팩토리 개요························································· 41
2) 스마트팩토리 시장························································· 46
2. 스마트팩토리 기반기술과 기업·········································· 51
1) 무선 센서 네트워크······················································· 51
2) 기계 간 통신··································································· 52
3) 클라우드 컴퓨팅····························································· 53
4) 빅데이터 분석································································· 54
5) 3D 프린팅······································································· 55
3. ICT융합 제조시스템 기술개발 동향·································· 56
1) 스마트공장 기술····························································· 56
2) 스마트공장 파급 효과···················································· 60
4. 국내외 스마트 제조업 혁신정책········································ 62
1) 독일·················································································· 62
2) 미국·················································································· 65
3) 한국·················································································· 67
5. 스마트 팩토리 표준화 현황················································ 71
1) 스마트공장 국제표준화·················································· 71
2) 한국의 스마트 공장 표준화 추진································· 78
제4장 부산광역시 제조업의 분석·······································83
1. 주요업종 동향 및 전망······················································· 83
1) 전자 전기········································································ 83
2) 자동차 부품···································································· 87
3) 조선기자재······································································ 92
2. 기계산업 인력현황······························································· 97
1) 인력현황·········································································· 97
2) 고용동향 및 전망··························································· 99
3. TNT2030 플랜··································································· 100
1) TNT2030 플랜 개요···················································· 100
2) TNT2030 플랜 비전 및 목교···································· 103
제5장 결론············································································109
1. 분석 결과 정리·································································· 109
2. 4차 산업혁명 관점에서의 정책적 제언··························· 113
1) 기술개발 발전방향······················································· 113
2) 시사점 및 정책제안····················································· 114
3. 부산시 스마트 팩토리 기대효과······································ 116
1) 소비자 맞춤형 대량 생산 확대·································· 117
2) 사전 시뮬레이션 및 End-to-End 엔지니어링 등으로 자
원 효율성 제고 ····························································· 116
3) 제조업의 서비스화를 통한 경쟁력 제고··················· 117
4) 도심형 공장, 재택근무 활성화로 지역사회 공헌 및 일과
가정의 양립이 가능 ····················································· 119
4. 정책제언·············································································· 121
참고문헌 ·················································································127
<표 Ⅱ-1> 주요국의 생산인구 비중(%) ······································· 8
<표 Ⅱ-2> 산업혁명 과정(제조업의 혁신 단계) 비교················ 9
<표 Ⅱ-3> 제조업 경쟁력 지수 순위 변동······························· 13
<표 Ⅱ-4> 미국의 재산업화 전략 ············································ 17
<표 Ⅱ-5> 일본의 산업재흥플랜 6대 전략······························· 17
<표 Ⅱ-6> 미국‧독일‧일본의 제조업 창조경제 주요 정책······ 20
<표 Ⅱ-7> 인더스트리 4.0의 주요 R&D 프로젝트················· 25
<표 Ⅱ-8> 국가별 센서 기술 수준············································ 32
<표 Ⅱ-9> 7대 분야 핵심 센서 기술(예시) ······························ 33
<표 Ⅲ-1> 스마트공장의 제조단계별 모습······························· 42
<표 Ⅲ-2> 미국․일본 내 투자 확대 사례(리쇼어링) ················ 46
<표 Ⅲ-3> 스마트공장 기술보유 주요 기업····························· 50
<표 Ⅲ-4> 기존의 인더스트리 4.0과 새로운 플랫폼 인더스트리
4.0 비교························································································· 65
<표 Ⅲ-5> PCAST의 16가지 정책 권고··································· 67
<표 Ⅲ-6> 스마트공장 관련 국제표준화기구··························· 72
<표 Ⅲ-7> 스마트공장 관련 표준라이브러리(예시) ················· 80
<표 Ⅳ-1> 부산 전자·전기업종 2015년 매출 현황················· 84
<표 Ⅳ-2> 부산 전자·전기업종 2015년 기업 규모별 매출현황
.....................................................................................85
<표 Ⅳ-3> 부산 전자·전기업종 2016년 매출 전망················· 86
<표 Ⅳ-4> 부산 전자·전기업종 2016년 기업 규모별 매출 전망
········································································································ 87
표 < Ⅳ-5> 하반기 개별소비세 인하 후 완성차 업체별 판매량
········································································································ 88
<표 Ⅳ-6> 부산 자동차부품업종 2015년 매출 현황··············· 89
<표 Ⅳ-7> 부산 자동차부품업종 2015년 기업 규모별 매출 현황
······································································································ 100
<표 Ⅳ-8> 부산 자동차부품업종 2016년 매출 전망··············· 91
<표 Ⅳ-9> 부산 자동차부품업종 2016년 기업 규모별 매출 전망
········································································································ 92
<표 Ⅳ-10> 부산 조선기자재업종 2015년 매출 현황············· 94
<표 Ⅳ-11> 부산 조선기자재업종 2015년 기업 규모별 매출 현황
········································································································ 95
<표 Ⅳ-12> 부산 조선기자재업종 2016년 매출 전망············· 96
<표 Ⅳ-13> 부산 조선기자재업종 2016년 기업 규모별 매출 전망
········································································································ 97
<표 Ⅳ-14> 부산권 기계부품소재산업 현황····························· 98
<표 Ⅳ-15> 산업기술인력 수급실태 현황································· 98
<표 Ⅴ-1 > 연구 개발 예산··················································· 124
<그림 Ⅰ-1> 산업혁명의 역사적 흐름········································· 3
<그림 Ⅰ-2> 제조업 혁신방안 정책연구 프로세서···················· 4
<그림 Ⅱ-1> 스마트 팩토리에서 로봇과 근로자의 협력········ 10
<그림 Ⅱ-2> 기술 변화에 따른 산업혁명(Industrial Revolution)
의 4단계························································································ 11
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 글로벌 시장에서 주요국 상품수출 비중············ 12
<그림 Ⅱ-4> 미래 IoT, IoS 기반 지능형 환경······················· 14
<그림 Ⅱ-5> IoT․IoS와 스마트 팩토리····································· 15
<그림 Ⅱ-6> 통합관제시스템을 통한 공정자동화 및 업무효율화
개요 ································································································ 22
<그림 Ⅱ-7> 인더스트리 4.0을 촉진하는 환경 요인·············· 24
<그림 Ⅱ-8> 인더스트리 4.0 하에서 자율·분산제어 생산체계26
<그림 Ⅱ-9> SemProM을 장착한 이동 팔렛트 및 로봇········ 26
<그림 Ⅱ-10> 인더스트리 4.0 시대의 모듈형 생산 플랫폼 · 27
<그림 Ⅱ-11> DFKI의 시맨틱 메모리 발전 과정···················· 28
<그림 Ⅱ-12> 시맨틱 제품 메모리 칩······································ 28
<그림 Ⅱ-13> 스마트공장과 사이버물리시스템······················· 30
<그림 Ⅱ-14> 인더스트리 4.0 시대 양방향 MES/ERP 시스템
········································································································ 30
<그림 Ⅱ-15> IOT시대 초콜릿 제품생애주기 관리················· 31
<그림 Ⅱ-16> CPS 플랫폼과 IoT·IoS 관계 –사람·시스템·사물 간
연계 ································································································ 35
<그림 Ⅱ-17> 독일의 스마트 팩토리 구축 산학연 협력 모델 37
<그림 Ⅱ-18> 독일 인더스트리 4.0 표준화 프로젝트 구조··· 39
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 국가별 제조업 부가가치 비중····························· 44
<그림 Ⅲ-2> 독일의 생산인구와 노인부양비율························ 44
<그림 Ⅲ-3> 스마트공장이 필요한 이유··································· 46
<그림 Ⅲ-4> 한국 제조기업의 기업 규모별 영업이익률 변화 47
<그림 Ⅲ-5> 한국, 미국, 일본 제조기업의 영업이익률 추이 47
<그림 Ⅲ-6> 2010년 이후 한국, 미국, 일본 제조기업의 경영성과
추이 ································································································ 48
<그림 Ⅲ-7> 국내 및 전세계 제조기업의 총자산 증가율······· 49
<그림 Ⅲ-8> Enlighted社의 에너지 관리 시스템··················· 52
<그림 Ⅲ-9> 사물인터넷 개념도················································ 53
<그림 Ⅲ-10> Porticor社의 Virtual Key 관리 시스템 ······· 54
<그림 Ⅲ-11> Teradata社의 Aster Platform 구성·············· 55
<그림 Ⅲ-12> Stratasys社의 Fortus 3D Production Systems
········································································································ 56
<그림 Ⅲ-13> 국가별 스마트공장 개발 현황··························· 59
<그림 Ⅲ-14> OECD 국가의 잠재성장률 장기 전망·············· 61
<그림 Ⅲ-15> 스마트공장 참조모델 수준 총괄표···················· 68
<그림 Ⅲ-16> 스마트공장 추진단 조직 구성(2015.7월) ········· 70
<그림 Ⅲ-17> 표준화 포럼 활동(안) ·········································· 81
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 2015년 고용동향(단위 : %) ······························ 100
<그림 Ⅳ-2> 2016년 고용동향(단위 : %) ······························ 100
<그림 Ⅳ-3> 창조혁신 생태계 선순환 구조··························· 101
<그림 Ⅳ-4> TNT2030 플랜 비전 수립 절차························ 104
<그림 Ⅳ-5> TNT2030 비전 및 주요 목표··························· 107
<그림 Ⅴ-1> Nike ID, Chocomize의 수요자 맞춤형 제품· 116
<그림 Ⅴ-2> 환자맞춤 제품(경로 저장), 환자맞춤 정보제공 116
<그림 Ⅴ-3> 지멘스의 TIA 사례············································· 117
<그림 Ⅴ-4> 포스코의 RFID/GPS 기반 물류혁신 사례······· 117
<그림 Ⅴ-5> 숙련공 원격교육과 증강현실 활용 미숙련공 교육
······································································································ 118
<그림 Ⅴ-6> 고객사 설비 상시 모니터링 스마트 팩토리를 위한
앱스토어 ······················································································· 119
<그림 Ⅴ-7> 도심형 공장 : 독일 비텐슈타인 펠바흐 공장 사례
······································································································ 120
<그림 Ⅴ-8 > 인공지능 첨단연구센터 미션························· 122
<그림 Ⅴ-9 > 센터 연구 개발 내용······································ 124
