제1장 서론 ················································································· 1
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ····························································· 1
2. 연구범위 및 연구방법 ··························································· 2
3. 연구의 내용 ············································································ 2
제2장 FTA와 원산지 증명 ······················································· 5
1. FTA 개요 ················································································ 5
1) WTO와 FTA ····································································· 5
2) FTA 발효 현황 ································································· 8
2. 변화하는 세계무역 환경 ······················································ 10
1) 메가 FTA로 확대 ··························································· 10
2) 新FTA 추진 전략 ··························································· 12
3. 특혜관세 혜택을 위한 원산지 증명 ··································· 13
1) FTA 특혜관세 규정 ····················································· 13
2) 원산지 증명서 ································································· 14
4. 원산지 검증과 관리의 필요성 ············································ 17
1) 원산지 검증의 개요 ······················································· 17
2) 관리의 필요성 ································································· 18
5. 원산지 검증의 항목 및 위반 사례 ···································· 20
1) 원산지 증명서의 적정성 위반 ······································ 20
2) 품목분류 오류 ································································· 22
3) 서류보관의무 위반 ························································· 23
4) 인증수출자 오류 ····························································· 25
5) 직접운송요건 위반 ························································· 26
6) 세번 변경 기준 위반 ····················································· 28
제3장 FTA에 따른 부산의 수출 변화 ·································· 31
1. 부산의 수출현황과 변화 ······················································ 31
1) 부산의 국가별 수출 ······················································· 31
2) 부산의 수출 변화 ··························································· 32
2. 부산의 주요 수출국 ····························································· 37
1) 부산의 대미국 수출 특징 ·············································· 37
2) 부산의 대중국 수출 특징 ·············································· 43
3) 부산의 대EU 수출 특징 ················································ 48
제4장 부산기업의 FTA 활용 실태분석 ······························· 53
1. 실태조사 개요 ······································································· 53
1) 조사 개요 ········································································ 53
2) 부산기업의 현황 ····························································· 54
2. FTA 활용과 전담인력 ························································· 55
1) FTA 활용 현황 ······························································· 55
2) 협력업체와의 관계 ························································· 57
3. FTA 발효의 해외시장에 대한 영향성 ····························· 60
4. FTA 활용시 분쟁 사례와 대응 ········································ 63
1) 협력업체와의 관계 ························································· 63
2) 원산지 사후 검증에 대한 이해도 ································· 63
5. FTA 활용을 위한 자문기관과 애로사항 ························· 64
1) FTA 활용 위한 자문기관 ·············································· 64
2) 업계 애로사항 ································································· 65
제5장 부산의 대응방안 ························································· 67
1. FTA 활용 컨설팅 비용 지원 ·············································· 67
2. 인건비 지원 및 기존 활용 시스템 홍보 ··························· 69
3. 합동점검과 정기적 사례집 출판 ········································ 72
4. 관세 철폐 효과 품목의 발굴 ·············································· 73
5. 분야별 특화교육 ··································································· 76
6. 보증기관 설립 ······································································· 78
7. EODES 활용교육 강화 ························································ 78
제6장 결론 및 정책제언 ······················································· 81
1. 결론 ······················································································ 81
2. 정책제언 ················································································ 86
Abstract ···················································································· 88
참고문헌 ·················································································· 91
부록 ·························································································· 94
<표 Ⅰ-1> 주요 선행연구 ······························································ 3
<표 Ⅱ-1> GATT, WTO 및 FTA의 비교 ··································· 7
<표 Ⅱ-2> 현재 발효중인 FTA 목록 ·········································· 8
<표 Ⅱ-3> 권역별 신규 FTA 추진계획 ····································· 13
<표 Ⅱ-4> FTA 원산지 증명서 발급현황 ································· 16
<표 Ⅱ-5> 원산지 검증 유형 ······················································ 17
<표 Ⅱ-6> 원산지 증명서의 종류 ·············································· 20
<표 Ⅱ-7> 원산지 증명서 관련 서류보관 기간 ······················· 24
<표 Ⅱ-8> FTA별 운송관련 규정 ·············································· 27
<표 Ⅲ-1> 부산의 2015년도 수출금액 ······································ 32
<표 Ⅲ-2> 부산의 주요 국가(지역)별 연평균 수출 증가율
(2012년 ~ 2015년) ··················································· 37
<표 Ⅲ-3> 부산-미국 품목별 수출액 (2015년) ························ 38
<표 Ⅲ-4> 대미국 수출 30대 품목 (2015년) – 코드 순 ········ 39
<표 Ⅲ-5> 대미국 수출 연평균 증가율 ····································· 41
<표 Ⅲ-6> 대미국 수출 30대 품목 (2015년) – 금액 순 ········ 42
<표 Ⅲ-7> 부산-중국 품목별 수출액 (2016년 1월~6월) ········ 44
<표 Ⅲ-8> 대중국 수출 30대 품목 (2016년 1월~6월) – 코드 순···· 45
<표 Ⅲ-9> 부산의 대중국 수출 증가율 ····································· 46
<표 Ⅲ-10> 대중국 수출 30대 품목 (2016년 1월~6월) – 금액 순··· 47
<표 Ⅲ-11> 부산-EU(국가별) 수출액(2015년) ························· 48
<표 Ⅲ-12> 부산-EU(10개국) 품목별 수출액 (2015년) ········· 49
<표 Ⅲ-13> 대EU(10개국) 수출 30대 품목 (2015년) – 코드 순··· 50
<표 Ⅲ-14> 부산의 대EU 수출 연평균 증가율 ························ 51
<표 Ⅲ-15> 대EU(10개국) 수출 30대 품목 (2015년) – 금액 순··· 52
<표 Ⅳ-1> 기업설립 연도 ··························································· 54
<표 Ⅳ-2> 총 매출액 수준 ························································· 54
<표 Ⅳ-3> 현재 FTA 활용 여부 ·············································· 55
<표 Ⅳ-4> 부산기업의 FTA 활용 대상국가 ····························· 56
<표 Ⅳ-5> 협력업체와 연관성의 필수 정도 ····························· 58
<표 Ⅳ-6> 협력업체의 FTA 활용 이해도 ································· 59
<표 Ⅳ-7> 협력업체와의 정보교류, 교육 기회 정도 ··············· 60
<표 Ⅳ-8> 신규 해외시장 진출의 FTA 발효 도움 정도 ········ 61
<표 Ⅳ-9> FTA 발효 중지 하의 예상 수출금액 감소율 ········ 62
<표 Ⅳ-10> 원산지 사후 검증에 대한 이해도 분석 ················ 64
<표 Ⅳ-11> FTA 활용 위한 자문기관 서비스 만족도 ············ 65
<표 Ⅴ-1> 부산의 기관별 현장 컨설팅 현황 ··························· 68
<표 Ⅴ-2> 부산의 대중국 수출품목 중 관세 즉시철폐 품목 ···· 75
<표 Ⅴ-3> 부산의 FTA 관련 교육현황 ····································· 77
<그림 Ⅱ-1> FTA 발효국 분포 현황 ·········································· 9
<그림 Ⅱ-2> 3대 MEGA FTA 경제지표 ··································· 11
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 원산지 검증 흐름도 및 주요내용 ······················· 18
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 부산 총수출금액(월별) 추이 ································ 33
<그림 Ⅲ-2> 부산의 주요 국가(지역)별 수출점유율 ··············· 34
<그림 Ⅲ-3> 부산의 주요 국가(지역)별 수출액 추이 ············· 36
<그림 Ⅲ-4> 부산-미국 품목별 수출액 추이 ··························· 40
<그림 Ⅲ-5> 부산-미국 수출액 추이 ········································ 41
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 부산기업체의 FTA 관련 업무 전담 인력 여부 ···· 57
<그림 Ⅳ-2> 협력업체와의 연관 필수성 ··································· 58
<그림 Ⅴ-1> 기업의 FTA 활용 시스템(구상안) ······················· 69
<그림 Ⅴ-2> FTA 전담인력에 대한 인건비 지원절차(구상안) ··· 71
<그림 Ⅴ-3> 원산지 자료교환 프로세스 ··································· 80