Ⅰ. 서론
1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ·················································································3
1) 연구배경 ·································································································3
2) 연구목적 ·································································································5
2. 연구 내용 및 방법 ·················································································6
II. 도시환경기후지도의 개념 및 사례
1. 도시환경기후지도의 개념 ··································································11
1) 개념 ·······································································································11
2) 목적 ·······································································································11
3) 구성요소 ·······························································································12
2. 국내 사례 ······························································································14
1) 서울시 기후·에너지 지도 ···································································14
2) 경기도 기후현황도 ·············································································24
3. 국외 사례 ·····························································································28
1) 독일 베를린의 환경지도 ····································································28
2) 독일 슈투트가르트의 기후지도 ························································34
3) 일본 동경의 도시환경기후지도 ························································36
Ⅲ. 부산시 도시환경기후지도 제작
1. 부산시 기후요소 분석 ·········································································43
1) 기온 ·······································································································44
2) 강수 ·······································································································47
2. 기후지수 분석 ······················································································49
1) 분석자료 ·······························································································49
2) 기후지수 분석 및 해석 ·······································································50
3. 부산지역 바람장 분석 ·········································································60
1) 한반도 상공 종관 기상 패턴 분석 ·····················································60
2) 부산지역 지역규모 순환 특성 사례 분석 ·········································63
3) 부산지역 지역순환 특성 분석 ····························································65
4) 지역풍 상세 분석 요약 ········································································68
4. 부산시 도시환경기후지도 제작 ··························································70
1) 부산시 기후톱 유형 구분 ····································································70
2) 부산시 기후기능 분석도 ·····································································74
Ⅳ. 도시환경기후지도의 활용방안 및 제언
1. 활용방안 ·······························································································79
1) 도시계획과정의 이용 ·········································································79
2) 환경성 평가 및 환경영향평가에 적용 ·············································81
3) 비오톱지도와의 연계 활용 가능 ······················································82
4) 대시민 정보서비스 제공 ···································································82
2. 정책제언 ······························································································83
1) 장기 도시기후 모니터링 체계 구축 필요 ·······································83
2) 기존 자료의 정비 및 정확도 향상 필요 ··········································84
3) 에너지 지도 등 새로운 정보 도입 필요 ··········································84
4) 도시환경기후지도의 작성을 통한 정책결정 체계 마련 ···············85
Abstract 84
참고문헌 87
<표 II-1> 서울시 도시환경기후지도 작성 내용 16
<표 II-2> 서울시 기후톱 유형별 특성 20
<표 II-3> 서울시 기후톱 분류 기준 22
<표 II-4> 베를린 환경지도 8개 범주 29
<표 II-5> 베를린 환경지도 기후 범주 내용 30
<표 II-6> 베를린 환경지도 대기질 범주 내용 31
<표 II-7> 베를린 환경지도 에너지 범주 내용 33
<표 II-8> 열섬 현상 파악 및 대책 수립과 연계된 도시환경기후지도 37
<표 II-9> 동경도의 열환경 유형별 대책 39
<표 Ⅲ-1> 연도별 기후요소 값 43
<표 Ⅲ-2> 기후분석에 사용된 기상대 지점 49
<표 Ⅲ-3> 기준연도(2010년)의 850hPa 지균풍과 운량으로 분류한 계절별 종관 기상상태 63
<표 Ⅲ-4> 비오톱유형을 통한 기후톱 유형 구분 70
<표 Ⅲ-5> 기후톱 유형별 특성 72
<표 Ⅳ-1> 도시계획과정에서의 도시환경기후지도의 활용 79
<표 Ⅳ-2> 도시기본계획 조사항목 중 도시환경기후지도와 관련된 항목 80
<그림 I-1> 연구의 흐름도 7
<그림 II-1> 서울시 기후기능 분석도 작성 과정 19
<그림 II-2> 서울시 기후톱지도 23
<그림 II-3> 서울시 기후기능분석도면(안) 24
<그림 II-4> 경기도 연평균 체감온도 공간분포(1979~2008 평균) 27
<그림 II-5> 경기도 연평균 난방도일 공간분포(1979~2008 평균) 27
<그림 II-6> 슈투트가르트 시의 기후분석도 35
<그림 II-7> 동경도의 열환경 구분도 38
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 부산지역 월평균 기온변화(2004~2-13) 45
<그림 Ⅲ-2> 부산지역 연평균 기온변화 경향(2004~2013) 45
<그림 Ⅲ-3> 부산지역 일최고기온과 최저기온의 변화 경향(2004~2013) 46
<그림 Ⅲ-4> 부산지역 월별 일교차 변화(2004~2013) 46
<그림 Ⅲ-5> 부산지역 연강수량의 변화(2004~2013) 47
<그림 Ⅲ-6> 부산지역 월 강수량(2004~2013) 47
<그림 Ⅲ-7> 부산지역 강수일수 공간적 분포(2004~2013) 51
<그림 Ⅲ-8> 부산지역 무강수일수의 월별, 연도별 변화(2004~2013) 52
<그림 Ⅲ-9> 부산지역 무강수일수의 공간적 분포(2004~2013) 52
<그림 Ⅲ-10> 부산지역 호우일수의 월별 및 연도별 변화 경향(2004~2013) 53
<그림 Ⅲ-11> 부산지역 호우일수의 공간적 분포(2004~2013) 53
<그림 Ⅲ-12> 부산지역 강풍일수의 특성 변화 경향(2004~2013) 54
<그림 Ⅲ-13> 부산지역 강풍일수의 공간적 분포(2004~2013) 55
<그림 Ⅲ-14> 부산지역 한파일수의 공간적 분포(2004~2013) 56
<그림 Ⅲ-15> 부산지역 체감온도의 공간적 분포(2004~2013) 57
<그림 Ⅲ-16> 부산지역 냉방도일의 공간적 분포(2004~2013) 58
<그림 Ⅲ-17> 부산지역 난방도일의 공간적 분포(2004~2013) 59
<그림 Ⅲ-18> 부산지역 영하일수의 공간적 분포(2004~2013) 59
<그림 Ⅲ-19> 종관 기상 패턴 분류를 위한 850hPa 기압 경도력의 계산 60
<그림 Ⅲ-20> 종관 기상 패턴 분류를 위한 850hPa 지균풍향의 구분 62
<그림 Ⅲ-21> 부산 주변지역 지형 및 행정구역 64
<그림 Ⅲ-22> 봄철 상층풍이 약한 부산 주변 기온 및 바람장 65
<그림 Ⅲ-23> 여름철 상층풍이 약한 부산 주변 기온 및 바람장 66
<그림 Ⅲ-24> 가을철 상층풍이 약한 부산 주변 기온 및 바람장 67
<그림 Ⅲ-25> 겨울철 상층풍이 약한 부산 주변 기온 및 바람장 68
<그림 Ⅲ-26> 주간 해풍의 이동(좌)과 야간 산풍+육풍(우)의 지역풍 형성 모식도 69
<그림 Ⅲ-27> 부산시 기후톱 유형도 71
<그림 Ⅲ-28> 부산시 기후기능 분석도 74
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 도시환경기후지도 활용 86