제1장 서론····························································································· 1
1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ·················································································· 1
2. 연구범위 및 방법 ······················································································· 4
1) 연구범위 ································································································· 4
2) 연구방법 ································································································· 4
3. 연구내용 ································································································· 5
4. 기대효과 ································································································· 6
제2장 국내외 인공지능 기술・산업 및 정책 동향························ 7
1. 인공지능 기술 트렌드 ················································································ 7
1) 인공지능의 정의 및 범위 ···································································· 7
2) 인공지능 알고리즘의 특성 및 역사 ················································· 11
3) 인공지능의 종류 및 적용 분야 ························································· 17
2. 해외 인공지능 시장 및 정책 동향 ························································· 19
1) 해외 인공지능 시장 동향 ·································································· 19
2) 해외 인공지능 기업 현황 ·································································· 21
3) 인공지능 선진국의 정책 동향 ··························································· 25
3. 국내 인공지능 산업 및 정책 동향 ························································· 27
1) 국내 인공지능 산업 동향 ·································································· 27
2) 우리정부의 인공지능 정책 동향 ······················································· 31
3) 국내 주요 지자체의 인공지능 정책 동향 ········································ 34
4. 시사점 ········································································································ 46
제3장 부산지역 인공지능 산업생태계 분석·································· 48
1. 산업생태계의 개요 ················································································· 48
1) 생태계의 개념 ····················································································· 48
2) 디지털 생태계 연구 추이 ·································································· 49
2. 인공지능 생태계 분석 방법 ·································································· 54
1) 인공지능 산업생태계 정의 ································································ 54
2) 지역 인공지능 산업생태계 분석 단계 ············································· 56
3) 인공지능 생태계 분석을 위한 주요 지표 ········································ 57
3. 부산지역 인공지능 생태계 분석 결과 ··················································· 60
1) 부산지역 인공지능 비즈니스생태계 분석(가치사슬 구조) ············· 60
2) 부산지역 인공지능 혁신생태계 분석(혁신자원/활동) ···················· 62
3) 부산지역 인공지능 문화생태계 분석(확산 및 연계 메커니즘) ····· 64
4. 시사점 ········································································································ 66
제4장 부산지역 인공지능 산업생태계 조성 방안························ 69
1. 부산지역 인공지능 생태계 조성 SWOT 분석 ······································ 69
1) 부산지역 인공지능 대내외 환경 및 여건 분석 요약 ····················· 69
2) SWOT 분석에 따른 전략 도출 ························································· 70
2. 부산지역 인공지능 산업생태계 조성을 위한 비전 및 전략 ··············· 73
3. 부산지역 인공지능 산업생태계 조성을 위한 추진과제 ······················· 75
1) 지속 가능한 인공지능 성장을 위한 AI 비즈니스생태계 강화 ······ 75
2) 인공지능 육성의 근간이 되는 AI 혁신생태계 강화 ······················· 81
3) 글로벌 AI 도시 부산을 위한 AI 문화생태계 강화 ························ 85
제5장 결론 및 정책제언··································································· 91
1. 결론 ············································································································ 91
2. 정책제언 ···································································································· 92
Abstract································································································ 97
참고문헌······························································································ 98
부록···································································································· 102
<표 Ⅱ-1> 인공지능의 다양한 정의 ································································· 8
<표 Ⅱ-2> 가트너의 10대 전략 기술 추이 ····················································· 9
<표 Ⅱ-3> 인공지능의 목표에 따른 분류 ····················································· 11
<표 Ⅱ-4> 인공지능의 사고 해결 여부에 따른 분류 ··································· 11
<표 Ⅱ-5> 인공지능 기술의 특성 ··································································· 12
<표 Ⅱ-6> 인공지능 알고리즘의 발전 역사 ·················································· 13
<표 Ⅱ-7> 2025년까지 적용될 인공지능 기술 전망 ··································· 18
<표 Ⅱ-8> 인공지능 분야 시장 예측 ····························································· 19
<표 Ⅱ-9> AI 기술의 산업별 해외 사업화 현황 ·········································· 20
<표 Ⅱ-10> 최근 인공지능 분야 주요 글로벌 기업 M&A 동향 ················ 22
<표 Ⅱ-11> 인공지능 분야별 글로벌 기업 현황 ·········································· 23
<표 Ⅱ-12> 세계 주요국의 AI 정책 동향 ····················································· 26
<표 Ⅱ-13> 인공지능 분야 시장 예측 ··························································· 27
<표 Ⅱ-14> AI 기술의 산업별 국내 사업화 현황 ········································ 28
<표 Ⅱ-15> 인공지능 분야별 국내 기업 현황 ·············································· 29
<표 Ⅱ-16> 분야별 AI 도입·활용 과제 ························································· 31
<표 Ⅱ-17> 2020년 인공지능 고등학교 선정 명단 ····································· 40
<표 Ⅱ-18> 부산지역 AI 관련 정책 현황 ····················································· 41
<표 Ⅱ-19> 부산 이노베이션스퀘어 조성사업 개요 ···································· 42
<표 Ⅱ-20> 부산지역 AI 관련 사업화 지원정책 현황 ································ 43
<표 Ⅱ-21> 부산 마이스터고등학교 현황 ····················································· 44
<표 Ⅱ-22> AI대학원 선정 현황 ···································································· 45
<표 Ⅱ-23> 인공지능 관련 대학사업 유치 현황 ·········································· 45
<표 Ⅲ-1> 지역 산업생태계 구조 ··································································· 53
<표 Ⅲ-2> 지역 과학기술혁신역량 지표 ······················································· 58
<표 Ⅲ-3> 지자체별 인공지능 비즈니스생태계 비교(서비스업)
(2018년 기준) ·············································································· 60
<표 Ⅲ-4> 지자체별 인공지능 비즈니스생태계 비교(제조업)
(2018년 기준) ·············································································· 61
<표 Ⅲ-5> 지자체별 인공지능 혁신생태계 비교(2019년 기준) ·················· 62
<표 Ⅲ-6> 지자체별 인공지능 문화생태계 비교(2019년 기준) ·················· 65
<표 Ⅳ-1> 부산지역 인공지능 생태계 SWOT 분석 ···································· 72
<표 Ⅳ-2> 부산시 2020년 출자사업 결성 펀드 세부내역 ·························· 77
<표 부록-1> 인공지능 알고리즘 종류별 방법 ············································ 102
<표 부록-2> 딥러닝(Deep-learning) 소프트웨어(프레임워크) ················ 107
<그림 Ⅰ-1> 데이터 마이닝 기술 활용 로드맵 ·············································· 2
<그림 Ⅰ-2> 인공지능 발전의 핵심 요소 ························································ 3
<그림 Ⅰ-3> 연구구성도 ···················································································· 6
<그림 Ⅱ-1> 산업혁명의 변화와 영향력 비교 ················································ 8
<그림 Ⅱ-2> Gartner’s hype cycle technologies 2015 vs. 2020 ······· 10
<그림 Ⅱ-3> 인공지능의 역사 ········································································ 13
<그림 Ⅱ-4> 신경회로망(딥러닝) 기본 구조 ················································· 16
<그림 Ⅱ-5> 인간의 신경망을 모사한 인공 신경망 ···································· 16
<그림 Ⅱ-6> 인공지능 알고리즘의 종류 ······················································· 17
<그림 Ⅱ-7> 인공지능 소프트웨어 세계 시장 규모(2016~2025) ··············· 20
<그림 Ⅱ-8> 인공지능 분야 글로벌 투자 건수 및 투자금 ························· 22
<그림 Ⅱ-9> 딥러닝 프레임워크 변화 추이 ·················································· 24
<그림 Ⅱ-10> 해외 인공지능 정책 현황 ······················································· 25
<그림 Ⅱ-11> 국내 인공지능 시장 전망 2019~2023년(단위 : 십억) ······· 28
<그림 Ⅱ-12> 인공지능 국가전략 ·································································· 32
<그림 Ⅱ-13> 한국판 뉴딜 주요 프로젝트 ··················································· 33
<그림 Ⅱ-14> 광주 AI 중심 산업융합 집적단지 조성도 ···························· 35
<그림 Ⅱ-15> AI 광주시대 비전 및 목표 ····················································· 36
<그림 Ⅱ-16> 서울시 양재 R&CD 혁신지구 ················································ 37
<그림 Ⅱ-17> 양재 R&D 혁신지구 내 AI산업 육성 앵커시설 ·················· 38
<그림 Ⅱ-18> 지역 ICT이노베이션스퀘어 개념도 ······································· 42
<그림 Ⅲ-1> 디지털 생태계의 이론적 프레임워크 ······································ 49
<그림 Ⅲ-2> 산업생태계의 계층적・개념적 구조 ········································ 50
<그림 Ⅲ-3> 산업생태계 분석 차원의 계층적 구조 ···································· 51
<그림 Ⅲ-4> 생태계 가치 구조 ······································································ 52
<그림 Ⅲ-5> 지역 산업생태계의 기본 구조 ·················································· 53
<그림 Ⅲ-6> 인공지능 산업생태계의 계층적 구조 ······································ 54
<그림 Ⅲ-7> 인공지능 지역 산업생태계의 기본 구조 ································· 55
<그림 Ⅲ-8> 지역 과학기술혁신역량평가 모형의 기본 틀 ························· 57
<그림 Ⅳ-1> 국내외 동향·생태계·SWOT 분석 요약 ·································· 70
<그림 Ⅳ-2> 부산지역 인공지능 산업생태계 조성 비전과 전략 ················ 74
<그림 Ⅴ-1> 동남권 인공지능 메가벨트 조성 ·············································· 96
